Adaptive Immune System- Focus On B Cells Flashcards
What is an antigen?
Any substance that can induce an adaptive immune response
Name a few things that antigens can be made up of
Short peptides, proteins, sugars, lipids and more
What is an antibody?
Proteins produced by adaptive immune cells that bind specifically to antigenic determinants
What is an antigenic determinant?
Relatively small part of foreign molecules that antibodies bind to
What is a cytokine?
General term to describe various small proteins secreted by cells that serve to regulate the immune system
How are cytokines named?
Often interleukin followed by a number but sometimes have other names linked to their function
What are chemokines?
The subtype of immune molecules that are involved in the movement and migration of immune cells
How do chemokines move cells?
Release chemicals in a gradient which guide the cells
What does CD stand for?
Cluster of differentiation
What is a CD?
Defines cell-surface molecules on immune cells that are recognised by specific monoclonal antibodies
What does the number after the CD stand for?
The order of its discovery
Do CDs have to be expressed specifically to one cell lineage?
No, can be found on many lineages
What is the defining characteristic of adaptive immunity?
Immune response is directed at a specific pathogens antigen and memory persists after initial encounter
What do lymphoid precursors do if they move into the thymus?
Mature into T cells
What do lymphoid cells mature into in the bone marrow?
B cells
What are the three large groups of B cell?
B1, B2 and regulatory B cells
Where do B1 cells mature?
In the liver
Where do B1 cells end up?
Peritoneum
Which immunoglobulin do B1 cells express on the cell surface?
IgM
What is the function of B1 cells?
Produce natural antibodies That are present in the absence of infection.
Do B1 cells require T cell help?
No
Where do B2 cells mature?
Bone marrow and spleen
What are the three types of B2 cell?
Follicular, transitional or marginal
Which is the most common type of B2 cell?
Follicular
Where are the follicular B2 cells located?
Secondary lymphoid organs (spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes)
Which type of B2 cell makes the majority of high affinity antibodies?
Follicular B2 cells