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BMS109 Pathobiology > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the immune system

A

protect against pathogens

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2
Q

What is the immune system

A

specialised cell types derived from bone marrow

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3
Q

What are dendritic cells

A

immune cells in skin

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4
Q

What is the function of dendritic cells

A

detect antigen and sample extracellular environment

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5
Q

How do dendritic cells elicit immune response

A

migrate via lymph vessels

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6
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs

A

spleen, thymus, bone marrow

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7
Q

What are the peripheral lymphoid organs

A

lymph node

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8
Q

Who discovered innate immunity

A

Metchnikoff

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9
Q

Describe the characteristics of the innate immune system

A

fast, X lag, X memory

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10
Q

What does the innate immune system detect

A

components or antigens shared by ALL pathogens

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11
Q

Name some physical barriers of the innate immune system

A

skin, tears, cilia, mucous, stomach, flora

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12
Q

What are the cellular components of the innate immune system

A

macrophages, lysosomes and phagocytic receptors

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13
Q

How do macrophages kill bacteria

A

ingest them by phagocytosis

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14
Q

What are the types of pattern recognition receptors

A

NLRs, TLRs, CLRs, and RLRs

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15
Q

What is the function of pattern recognition receptors

A

sense pathogens by sensing pattern associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

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16
Q

What are pattern associated molecular patterns

A

essential component of pathogens

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17
Q

Where are pattern recognition receptors found

A

expressed by antigen presenting cells like macrophages or dendritic cells

18
Q

What is the function of PAMPs

A

activate PRR causing signalling cascades and protective response

19
Q

What are defensins

A

anti-microbial peptides

20
Q

What is part of the humoral system

A

defensins, neutrophils

21
Q

What produces defensins

A

epithelial cells and phagocytes

22
Q

What is the function of defensins

A

kill bacteria by creating pores leading to lysisation

23
Q

describe the structure of defensins

A

positively charged side chains and hydrophobic zones

24
Q

What are the three types of complement system pathways

A

alternative, classical, lectin

25
Q

What is the effector function of the complement system

A

inflammation, phagocytosis and lysis of microbe

26
Q

what is the complement system

A

system of inactive soluble proteins in blood vessels

27
Q

when is the lectin system mediated

A

when plasma mannose binds to lectin

28
Q

what interacts in the classical system

A

antibodies and c1

29
Q

What activates the alternative pathway

A

microbial surface molecules

30
Q

what activates the pathways of the complement system

A

proteolytic cleavage of component C3

31
Q

what are part of the innate immune response

A

macrophages, dendritic cells, defensins, complement system, interferons and natural killer cells

32
Q

name some innate leukocyts

A

NK cells, mast cells, esinophils, basophils

33
Q

What are the phagocytic cells of the innate immune system

A

macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells

34
Q

what activates NK cells

A

interferons

35
Q

what is the function of NK cells

A

kill virally infected or tumourigenic cells

36
Q

How do NK cells killl

A

exocytosis of granules containing perforin and granzyme

37
Q

What do NK cells induce

A

apoptosis

38
Q

What do interferons signal to

A

neighbouring cells

39
Q

What is the function of interferons

A

interfere with viral infection

40
Q

How do interferons interfere with viral infection

A

up regulate factors that degrade viral RNA, activate immune cells

41
Q

what do interferons cause neighbouring uninfected cells to do

A

destroy RNA and reduce protein synthesis

BMS109 Pathobiology (11 decks)

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