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BMS109 Pathobiology > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the causes of inflamation

A

tissue necrosis, infections, immune reactions, foreign bodies

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2
Q

What is inflammation

A

protective innate response to infection or damage

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3
Q

What are the main features of inflammation

A

vascular reaction and cellular response

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4
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation

A

heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

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5
Q

What are the mediators of inflammatory response

A

vasoactive amines, lipid products, cytokines & products of the complement system

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6
Q

example of vasoactive amine

A

histamine

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7
Q

example of lipid products

A

prostaglandins

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8
Q

What are lipid mediators

A

arachidonic acid metabolites - building block for prostaglandins

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9
Q

What is the function of lipid mediators

A

regulate vasculature

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10
Q

Examples of lipid mediators

A

prostacyclin, thromboxane, leukotrienes, 5-Hete

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11
Q

What is the function of prostacyclin

A

cause vasodilation, prevent blood clotting

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12
Q

What is the function of thromboxane

A

cause vasoconstriction, helps blood clotting

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13
Q

What is the function of 5-Hete

A

attract neutrophils

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14
Q

What is the function of leukotrienes

A

cause bronchospasm - important in asthma

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15
Q

What are the two types of protein mediators

A

cytokines and chemokines

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16
Q

What are cytokines

A

interleukins, interferons

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17
Q

What is the function of cytokines

A

induce signalling pathways and promote inflammatory pathways

18
Q

What is the function of chemokines

A

attract leukocytes and activate GPRCs

19
Q

What are chemokines secreted by

A

macrophages

20
Q

What do protein mediators cause

A

increased expression of adhesion molecules, leukocyte activation

21
Q

What inhibits protein mediators

A

aspirin

22
Q

What do prostaglandins stimulate

A

nerve endings

23
Q

what are the two forms of macrophages

A

pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory

24
Q

What is the function of anti-inflammatory macrophages

A

promote tissue growth

25
Q

What is the function of pro-inflammatory macrophages

A

recruit neutrophils

26
Q

How long do neutrophils survive

A

24 hours

27
Q

What is in the cellular infiltrate of chronic inflammation

A

monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes

28
Q

What is the cellular infiltrate of acute inflammation

A

neutrophils

29
Q

Describe COPD disease

A

progressive airflow limitation in lungs which is enhanced by chronic inflammation in air ways

30
Q

Describe acute bronchopneumonia

A

neutrophils fill alveolar spaces and blood vessels are congested

31
Q

What are common causes of COPD

A

smoking, TB, dusty work environment

32
Q

What characterises COPD

A

loss of elasticity in alveoli, defective phagocytosis

33
Q

What are normal alveoli replaced by in COPD

A

cuboidal epithelium

34
Q

What releases histamine

A

mast cells

35
Q

What are mast cells derived from

A

basophils

36
Q

What do macrophages release

A

pro-inflammatory mediator - tumour necrosis factor

37
Q

What do cytokines attract

A

neutrophils

38
Q

What can cytokines cause

A

constriction of endothelial cells

39
Q

What is the effect of constriction of endothelial cells

A

increase permeability

40
Q

Describe effect of cytokines

A

systemic

BMS109 Pathobiology (11 decks)

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