Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
what are the two components of adaptive immunity
cellular and humoral
What does the adaptive immune system detect
antigens for ANY individual pathogen
Describe the characteristics of adaptive immunity
slow with lag phase, memory, builds up over time
What did Erhlich discover
lock and key theory for adaptive immunity
What types of cells are in the adaptive immune system
B & T cells, antibodies, interleukins
What is the function of B cells
make antibodies
What is the function of T cells
interact with cells of innate immune system causing effector functions
What is the function of antibodies
protect against extracellular pathogens
What are the components of antibodies
2x heavy chains and 2x light chains
What does FAB stand for
fragment antigen binding
What is the epitope
specific target against which an individual antibody binds
What is the function of the variable region of antibodies
interact with particular antigens
What is the function of the Fc region
mediates interaction with immune system
What is the function of the constant region in antibodies
confers interactions with immune cells
What are some of the humoral functions of antibodies
phagocytosis, cell lysis, activation of complement system
What class of antibodies is a pentamer
IgM
What class of antibody exists as a dimer
IgA
Describe the structure of the IgA antibody
dimer with J chain and secretory unit
What antibody classes exist as monomers
IgG, IgD and IgE
What is the functions of IgG antibody
activate phagocytosis, neutralises antigens
Which antibody activates the complement system
IgM
What happens to the B cell when an antigen binds
after chemical signal from helper T cell it becomes a plasma cell which releases antibodies
What is the antigen
any molecule detected by adaptive immunity
What do B cell receptors bind to
intact antigen
What is the function of MHC I receptors
present antigen to cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)
Where are MHC I receptors found
cytoplasm
What is the function of MHC II receptors
present phagocytosed antigen to helper T cells (CD4+)
What cells have MHC 1
ALL cells
What cells exhibit MHC 2
dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells
What are interleukins
group of cytokines expressed by WBCs
What do interleukins promote
development and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes
What is the effector function of CD4+
activation of macrophages, B cells and other cells
What is the effector function of CD8+
killing of infected cells and macrophage activation
What is the function of cytotoxic T cells
kill virally infected & cancer cells by exocytosis of granules containing perforin and granzyme
