Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

what are the two components of adaptive immunity

Answer 1

cellular and humoral

Question 2

What does the adaptive immune system detect

Answer 2

antigens for ANY individual pathogen

Question 3

Describe the characteristics of adaptive immunity

Answer 3

slow with lag phase, memory, builds up over time

Question 4

What did Erhlich discover

Answer 4

lock and key theory for adaptive immunity

Question 5

What types of cells are in the adaptive immune system

Answer 5

B & T cells, antibodies, interleukins

Question 6

What is the function of B cells

Answer 6

make antibodies

Question 7

What is the function of T cells

Answer 7

interact with cells of innate immune system causing effector functions

Question 8

What is the function of antibodies

Answer 8

protect against extracellular pathogens

Question 9

What are the components of antibodies

Answer 9

2x heavy chains and 2x light chains

Question 10

What does FAB stand for

Answer 10

fragment antigen binding

Question 11

What is the epitope

Answer 11

specific target against which an individual antibody binds

Question 12

What is the function of the variable region of antibodies

Answer 12

interact with particular antigens

Question 13

What is the function of the Fc region

Answer 13

mediates interaction with immune system

Question 14

What is the function of the constant region in antibodies

Answer 14

confers interactions with immune cells

Question 15

What are some of the humoral functions of antibodies

Answer 15

phagocytosis, cell lysis, activation of complement system

Question 16

What class of antibodies is a pentamer

Answer 16

IgM

Question 17

What class of antibody exists as a dimer

Answer 17

IgA

Question 18

Describe the structure of the IgA antibody

Answer 18

dimer with J chain and secretory unit

Question 19

What antibody classes exist as monomers

Answer 19

IgG, IgD and IgE

Question 20

What is the functions of IgG antibody

Answer 20

activate phagocytosis, neutralises antigens

Question 21

Which antibody activates the complement system

Answer 21

IgM

Question 22

What happens to the B cell when an antigen binds

Answer 22

after chemical signal from helper T cell it becomes a plasma cell which releases antibodies

Question 23

What is the antigen

Answer 23

any molecule detected by adaptive immunity

Question 24

What do B cell receptors bind to

Answer 24

intact antigen

Question 25

What is the function of MHC I receptors

Answer 25

present antigen to cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)

Question 26

Where are MHC I receptors found

Answer 26

cytoplasm

Question 27

What is the function of MHC II receptors

Answer 27

present phagocytosed antigen to helper T cells (CD4+)

Question 28

What cells have MHC 1

Answer 28

ALL cells

Question 29

What cells exhibit MHC 2

Answer 29

dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells

Question 30

What are interleukins

Answer 30

group of cytokines expressed by WBCs

Question 31

What do interleukins promote

Answer 31

development and differentiation of T and B lymphocytes

Question 32

What is the effector function of CD4+

Answer 32

activation of macrophages, B cells and other cells

Question 33

What is the effector function of CD8+

Answer 33

killing of infected cells and macrophage activation

Question 34

What is the function of cytotoxic T cells

Answer 34

kill virally infected & cancer cells by exocytosis of granules containing perforin and granzyme