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BMS109 Pathobiology > Cell Death > Flashcards

Cell Death Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the characteristics of irreversible necrosis

A

increased intracellular calcium, autolysis, cell bursting

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2
Q

Describe the characteristics of reversible necrosis

A

membrane integrity compromised, organelle and cell swelling

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3
Q

What is necrosis

A

wide spread cell death

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4
Q

how is necrosis initiated

A

external stimulus

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5
Q

how is apoptosis initiated

A

internal and external stimuli

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6
Q

what is apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of apoptosis

A

shrinking, break down of nuclear envelope, phagocytosis

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8
Q

TRUE or FALSE - apoptosis doesnt require energy

A

FALSE

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9
Q

Describe the function of apoptosis in brain ischaemia

A

surrounding cells undergo apoptosis to restrict spread of cell death

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10
Q

What are the uses of apoptosis in development

A

digit formation, neural connection refinement

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11
Q

What are the ced genes

A

genes in c.elegans that inhibit/repress apoptosis

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12
Q

what do ced genes recognise

A

apoptotic signal

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13
Q

What is the function of ced3 and ced4

A

trigger apoptosis

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14
Q

what is the effect of decrease in ced3 or ced4

A

excess adult cells

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15
Q

what is the effect of decrease in ced9

A

massive cell death

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16
Q

which ced gene is related to caspases

A

ced3

17
Q

what are caspases

A

executioners of cell death = essential for apoptosis

18
Q

is the caspase pathway reversible or irreversible

A

irreversible

19
Q

What does caspase stand for

A

c - cysteine at active site and aspartic acid at cleavage site on target proteins

20
Q

What activates initiator caspase

A

apoptotic signals

21
Q

What do initiator caspases activate

A

executioner caspases

22
Q

What is the function of adaptor proteins

A

stick together initiator caspases

23
Q

what is the function of active executioner caspases

A

cleave multiple proteins and trigger irreversible apoptosis

24
Q

How many executioner caspases can one initiator caspases activate

A

multiple

25
Q

what happens to the targets of caspases

A

nuclear breakdown, cytoskeletal changes, NO DNA repair

26
Q

What are the components of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway

A

death ligands, death receptors, initiator caspase 8 and effector caspase 3

27
Q

What are the components of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis

A

DNA damage, mitochondria/cytochrome C, initiator caspase 9 and effector caspase 3

28
Q

what can trigger the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis

A

stress signals, developmental signals

29
Q

What are the functions of the proteins cleaved by caspases

A

DNA repair, cell cycle

BMS109 Pathobiology (11 decks)

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