Innate Immunity

Question 1

Have antigen presenting cells
Phagocytize anything that makes it through physical membrane

Answer 1

important actions of dendritic cells

Question 2

What are these?
1. skin
2. Mucous membranes
3. Lungs

Answer 2

Physical barriers of innate immunity

Question 3

What are defensive cells of innate immunity?

Answer 3

1. Leukocytes
2. Natural killer cells

Question 4

These are?
1. Phagocytosis
2. Inflammation
3. Fever
4. Interferon
5. Natural killer cell
6. Complement

Answer 4

Process of innate immunity

Question 5

Is a protective shield covered with keratin.
It has skin-associated lymphoid tissue that recognizes microbes that may slip past the physical barrier.
*langerhans- special dendritic cells

Answer 5

Innate host defense : skin

Question 6

Barrier against invading pathogens
Coats surfaces and traps microbes
•lysozyme breaks down material
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

Answer 6

Innate host defenses : mucous

Question 7

Cilia in nasal cavity
Sneezing- forceful expulsion of air, to clear organisms from the respiratory tract
Organisms to alveoli are not easily expelled are met by phagocytic cells called alveolar macrophages

Answer 7

Innate host defense: lungs

Question 8

•make up early WBC’s, use phagocytosis & primary target is bacteria
•release toxic products that kill microbes, they do not phagocytize

Answer 8

Neutrophils
Eosinophils/basophils

Question 9

contain histamine & heparin granules, involved in inflammation, healing & allergies, and degranulate

Answer 9

Mast cells

Question 10

identify and destroy infected/transformed host cells. Recognize cells that display MHC 1 molecules as healthy.

Answer 10

Natural killer cell

Question 11

Found on all host cells
If absent, cells is destroyed when NK cells release perform and granzyme.

Answer 11

Major histocompatability 1 cells

Question 12

Largest WBC’s
Circulate in the blood
Differentiate into macrophages &dendritic cells after leave the blood stream

Answer 12

Monocytes

Question 13

Come from monocytes
Widely distributed through the body
Phagocytose
Present antigens on cell surface to T cells (active helper T cells)

Answer 13

Macrophages

Question 14

Located in the spleen & lymph nodes
Phagocytose
Present small antigens on their cell surface to T cells
Different from macrophages in structure

Answer 14

Dendritic cells

Question 15

Perforin

Answer 15

Pokes holes in the host cell

Question 16

Enzyme that goes through the holes and disassembles the cell

Answer 16

Granzyme

Question 17

Phagocytic cells have receptors that bind with the structures that are common in microbes but not host cells

Answer 17

Recognition of pathogen

Question 18

Is the process of tagging cells for destruction by phagocytes. The death tags are antibodies that are recognizable by phagocytes.
Helps bacteria form capsules

Answer 18

Opsonization

Question 19

1. Bacteria binds to surface of cell, antibody or complement can aid
2. Phagocyte extends and swallows organism
3. Invagination of phagocyte membrane traps organism within phagosome
4. Lysosome fuses & deposits enzymes into phagosome. Enzymes cut the bacteria into tiny pieces and destroy the organism
5. Release of microbial disease: release of the particles alert other phagocytes that a pathogen is present. Phagocytes that are antigen presenting display MHC protein on outside of cell

Answer 19

Process of phagocytosis

Question 20

Pathogens survive phagocytosis

Answer 20

Live in phagosome: coxiella
Escape from phagosome and gain access to cytoplasm
Prevent phagosome lysosome fusion- secrete proteins
Trigger apoptosis

Question 21

Can be triggered when pathogens get past the physical barriers of innate immunity.
Provides a way for phagocytic cells to enter infected areas within tissues and initiate repair

Answer 21

Defense process: inflammation

Question 22

Erythema, edema, pain, heat, and altered function.
Mast cells release histamine
Macrophages release cytokines to attract or activate more immune system cells

Answer 22

Defense process: inflammation

Question 23

Type of cytokines- “SOS” signal
Produced by eukaryotic cells
Intercellular infection
Increase antiviral defenses
2 types

Answer 23

Defense process: interferons

Question 24

Bind to specific receptors on uninfected host cells.
Induce cells to prepare for viral invasion

Answer 24

Type 1 interferons

Question 25

Activate various white blood cells- macrophages, T cells & NK cells
Increase # of MHC antigens

Answer 25

Type 2 interferons

Question 26

Normal body temperature is regulated by the hypothalamus.
Pyrogens- cause fever, signal the hypothalamus to shift body temperature upward.
Anything above 100.4
Crisis phase- vasodilation and sweating lower body temperature

Answer 26

Defense process : fever

Question 27

Substance that causes fever
External- bacterial toxins
Internal- interferons, cytokines

Answer 27

Pyrogens

Question 28

Series of 20 proteins in the blood that prevent blood infections and have a cascading event.

Answer 28

Defense process: complement

Question 29

1. Membrane attacks complexes- cause cytoplasmic leaks
2. Attract WBCs
3. Facilitate phagocytosis/opsonization

Answer 29

Complement: cascade event