Biotechnology

Question 1

Using natural cell processes and structures to improve the quality of human life.
Uses: cancer treatment, research, gene therapy and drug development.

Answer 1

Biotechnology

Question 2

Cutting DNA
Replicating DNA
Visualizing DNA
Generating proteins

Answer 2

Tools for biotechnology

Question 3

Restriction of enzymes :
Enzymes recognize specific bases sequence for cutting DNA
Used in nature as bacterial self-defense
Some enzymes make a clean or blunt cut through DNA
Some enzymes make staggered cut leading to “sticky ends”

Answer 3

Tools: cutting DNA

Question 4

Enzyme cuts DNA
Fragments have single stranded overhangs
Fragments with matching overhang base-pair and stick together
DNA ligaments seals the gaps

Answer 4

Restriction enzyme functions

Question 5

Transports or carries something.
In biotechnology it carries genes from one organism to another different organism.
Plasmids and viruses are used in biotechnology

Answer 5

Vectors

Question 6

Small circulars of DNA
part of bacterial genome
Used a vector to carry genes into a bacterium
Can be used as vector for inserting a gene into a different organism.

Answer 6

Plasmid as vectors

Question 7

Transformation:
In nature carried out by competent cells
In lab:
electroporation- electrical current to make cell competent
Chemical tx- calcium chloride and heat shock

Answer 7

Inserting plasma into a cell

Question 8

Gene therapy
Production of therapeutic proteins
Vaccines
Agriculture

Answer 8

recombinant dna technology

Question 9

Replaces a missing or defective gene permanently in a patient.
Isolate a healthy copy of a gene
Uses virus as vector- usually a retrovirus
Goal: makes a healthy copy of gene.
Risk: cancer, immune system attack & insertion in wrong area of genome

Answer 9

Gene therapy

Question 10

Uses gel made of agarose to sort DNA fragments by size.
DNA mixed with a dye and loaded in wells.
Electric current draws fragments through gel to the positive end.
DNA is visualized.

Answer 10

Gel electrophoresis

Question 11

Isolate gene of interest from source

Answer 11

Restriction enzyme

Question 12

Amplify the gene of interest and/ or vector

Answer 12

PCR

Question 13

Visualize the DNA

Answer 13

Gel electrophoresis

Question 14

Fuse (ligate) the vector and gene of interest resulting in an engineered plasmid

Answer 14

DNA ligase

Question 15

Insert engineered plasmid into a cell

Answer 15

Transformation

Question 16

Selection of transformed cells

Answer 16

Antibiotic

Question 17

Used to diagnose a pathogen using an antibody that recognizes a part of the pathogen called an antigen.

Answer 17

Eliza test