Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Develops only after exposure to an antigen.
Occurs naturally or artificially and actively or passively.
Based on recognition- interactions between receptors on immune system cells, antibodies and antigens
Comparability- of size, shape and charge

Answer 1

Adaptive immunity

Question 2

“Learned” response that attacks specific pathogens
Complex & slow development
Cross-regulate defense network
Memory response
Recognizes small parts of a pathogen called antigens
2 branches- humoral and cell mediated immunity

Answer 2

Key properties of adaptive immunity

Question 3

“Antibody generating”
Describes anything that can elicit an adaptive immune response.
Must be presented to B and T cells to “show” them what to look for.

Answer 3

Antigen

Question 4

Specific binding site on an antigen.
Antigens can have more than one

Answer 4

Epitope

Question 5

Very small molecules that, when attached to a larger carrier protein, can act as an antigen.
“Free epitope”
Not generally associated with pathogens but can cause immune response.

Answer 5

Hapten

Question 6

“Outside”
Pathogens are in the blood and tissue.

Answer 6

Exogenous antigen

Question 7

“Inside” an infected cell (pathogen) & putting proteins on outside.

Answer 7

Endogenous antigen

Question 8

Proteins like an ID badge. They are supposed to be there. B and T cells should not recognize these.

Answer 8

Autoantigens

Question 9

A measure of how well and antigen elicits immune response

Answer 9

Antigenicity

Question 10

Amount of antigen needed to generate an optimal response.
Low dose does not activate enough B cells.
Too high of a dose lead to B cell tolerance.

Answer 10

Threshold dose

Question 11

recognize innate immune response and interact with

Answer 11

Fc/constant region

Question 12

Activated B cells convert to plasma cells and pump out antibodies.
Bind to surface of pathogens, bind to toxins, & coat pathogens.
Phagocytosis or pathogen destruction by complement proteins.

Answer 12

Antibody functions

Question 13

Plasma cell start by making what kind of antibodies

Answer 13

IgM

Question 14

“all”, located on unucleated host cells, present self antigens & also present on “non-self” antigens

Answer 14

MHC 1

Question 15

“Special”
Located on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells.
Antigen presenting cells
Used for present epitopes to B and T cells to activate them.

Answer 15

MHC 2

Question 16

APC’s present antigens to B & T cells to initiate adaptive immunity.
Dendritic, macrophages and B & T cells
After phagocytosis bits and pieces of pathogen (antigen) are present on MHC for recognition by T & B cells

Answer 16

Antigen presentation

Question 17

Mature in the bone marrow
Result in plasma cells (release antibodies) and B memory cells involved in humoral response

Answer 17

B cells

Question 18

Mature in the thymus
Result in :
Cytotoxic T cells- killed infected host cells
Helper T cells- assist in activating AI
T regulatory cells- prevent auto immunity

Answer 18

T cells

Question 19

Must be one B or T cell that will recognize any infection we encounter.
Each B & T cell must be tested to avoid attacking self-antigens.
Finding B & T cells that bind with antigens take time.

Answer 19

Production of B and T cells

Question 20

Block activation of harmful self-reactive lymphocytes.
Prevent autoimmune disease.

Answer 20

Regulatory T cells

Question 21

Uses apoptosis immune response to intracellular pathogens (attack infected host cells).
Do not use antibodies
Main defense: T cells
“Endogenous cells”
Use cytotoxic T cells- activated by T cells and APC’s and has own T cell receptor.
Directly kills host cells infected with virus or pathogen and cancer cells.

Answer 21

Cell-mediated immune response

Question 22

Uses antibodies to assist in phagocytosis.
Immune response centered in the blood.
Main defense : B cells

Answer 22

Humoral immunity

Question 23

• can be antigen present or activated by APCs
• displays antigen on MHC 2
• tells B cell to make more copies/ mitosis
• memory cells or plasma cells

Answer 23

B cell activation w/ helper T cells

Question 24

Recognize a particular antigen or pathogen by size, shape or charge

Answer 24

Variable region