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Bacterial Growth Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Growth: colony & species
  2. Reproduction: binary fission
  3. Responsiveness: environmental situations
  4. Metabolism
A

Processes of life

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2
Q

Bacterial growth curve

A
  1. Lag phase: preparing for growth, flat slope
  2. Log phase: growth happening quickly, steep curve
  3. Stationary phase: leveling off, waste build up, no nutrients, endospore formation
  4. Death phase: cells begin to die, unless the formed endospores
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3
Q

Microbial growth: direct methods

A

Viable plate counts
Membrane filtration
Microscopic counts

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4
Q

Serial dilution to get plates that are countable
Between 25 and 250 colonies

Direct

A

Viable plate count

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5
Q

Filter large quantities of liquid/solution through a filter (membrane), press membrane to plate and count # of colonies

Direct

A

Membrane filtration

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6
Q

Use a grid and section on grid to count bacteria
Not accurate- not able to tell if bacteria is alive or dead

A

Microscopic counts

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7
Q

Microbial growth:indirect method

A

Metabolic activity
Dry weight
Turbidity

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8
Q

Indirect method: metabolic actitivty

Indirect

A

Measure amount of by product (waste) to estimate the # of bacteria

Ex: measure decease in pH

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9
Q

Remove media & take weight of bacteria divided by the approximate weight of once cell to estimate the amount of

Indirect

A

Dry weight

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10
Q

Measure cloudiness of the culture using a spectrophotometer

A

Turbidity

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11
Q

Microbial growth requirements

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. O2
  3. Temperature
  4. pH
  5. Osmotic pressure
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12
Q

Chemical analysis of microbial cytoplasm can indicate

A

Nutritional requirements

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13
Q

Compounds a microbe cannot make itself but must gather from immediate environment

A

Essential nutrients

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14
Q

Elements everything living thing needs

A

Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Sulfur

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15
Q

Minerals

A

Magnesium
Iron
Postassium

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16
Q

Trace elements

A

Cobalt
Copper
Manganese
Nickel
Zinc
Molybdenum

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17
Q

Nutrients: sources of carbon

A

Autotrophs
Heterotrophs

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18
Q

Use inorganic source of carbon to make organic compounds inside their cells

A

Autotrophs

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19
Q

Catabolism organic molecules(proteins, carbs, amino acids) to make organic compounds

A

Heterotrophs

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20
Q

Nutrients: source of energy

A

Phototrophs
Chemotrophs

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21
Q

Extract energy from absorption of light

A

Photographs

22
Q

Extract energy from oxidation-reduction reactions that remove electrons from high energy compounds to produce lower energy compounds

A

Chemotrophs

23
Q

Get energy from rocks/soul components

“Eat rocks”

A

Lithotripsy

24
Q

Eat organic macromolecules
•proteins, carbs, lipids and nucleic acids

A

Organotrophy

25
O2 requirements
O2 is essential for obligate aerobes(final electron acceptor in ETC) O2 is deadly for obligate anaerobes
26
Steal electrons from anywhere in the cell if it doesn’t bond with e- & H Enzymes convert to safer compounds: 1. Superoxide dismutase: takes free O2, converts it to hydrogen peroxide 2. Catalase- remove an O2 to give us H2O and O2
Superoxide radicals
27
Use O2 in the ETC and have oxygen detoxifying enzymes
Obligate aerobes
28
No O2 and no oxygen detoxifying enzymes
Obligate anaerobes
29
Use O2 in the ETC, fermentation, and have oxygen detoxifying enzymes
Facultative anaerobes
30
No O2 for the ETC and have O2 detoxifying enzymes
Aerotolerant anaerobes
31
Use O2 for the ETC and produce low concentrations for O2 detoxifying enzymes
Microaerophiles
32
Microbial growth: temperature
Microbes cannot control their temperature It affects rate of motion, membrane fluidity, nutrient transport
33
Psychrophiles
Like cold temperatures
34
Mesophiles
Human body temperature (most pathogens) Overlap with psychrophiles
35
Thermophiles
Like higher temperatures. Pathogens don’t grow here
36
Hyperthermophiles
Like very hot temperatures (gysers & hot springs) No pathogens
37
The measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. Influences growth by alternating protein shape = changes in protein activity Acids release hydrogen ions Bases release hydroxide ions
Microbial growth: pH
38
Types of pH
Acidophiles Neurtalophiles : typical pathogens Alkaliphiles
39
Physical effects of water: microbes require water to dissolve enzymes & nutrients required in metabolism Water is important reactant in many metabolic reactions
Microbial growth: water pressure
40
Osmotic pressure: pressure on the feel d/t water moving in or out according to concentration gradient Hydrostatic pressure: pressure that water exerts on a cell from outside
Typers of physical effects on water
41
Microbial growth: salt
Species that evolved to require high salt concentrations are known as : halophiles
42
Symbiosis is any type of a close & long term biological interaction between 2 different organisms
Symbiotic relationships
43
Types of symbiotic relationships
Mutualism- both species benefit Commensalism- ones species benefit & other is not affected Parasitism- one species benefit & other is harmed
44
2 organisms that do not have interdependent relationships
Nomsymbiotic relationships
45
Synergism- both species benefit each other but can grow independently of each other Antagonism- both species are going to restrict each other growth
Types of non symbiotic relationships
46
Types of culture media
Defined/synthetic medium Complex/natural medium Enriched medium
47
Comments added in precise amounts H2O, salts, carbon, nitrogen & energy sources
Defined/synthetic medium
48
Nutrient-rich, but poorly defined Concentration & composition unknown
Complex/natural medium
49
Specialized for one special organism/fastidious organisms
Enriched medium
50
Favor growth of one organism over another
Selective media
51
Expose biochemical differences between 2 species that grow equally well
Differential media

Microbiology (11 decks)

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