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Microbiology > Bacterial Growth > Flashcards

Bacterial Growth Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. Growth: colony & species
  2. Reproduction: binary fission
  3. Responsiveness: environmental situations
  4. Metabolism
A

Processes of life

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2
Q

Bacterial growth curve

A
  1. Lag phase: preparing for growth, flat slope
  2. Log phase: growth happening quickly, steep curve
  3. Stationary phase: leveling off, waste build up, no nutrients, endospore formation
  4. Death phase: cells begin to die, unless the formed endospores
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3
Q

Microbial growth: direct methods

A

Viable plate counts
Membrane filtration
Microscopic counts

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4
Q

Serial dilution to get plates that are countable
Between 25 and 250 colonies

Direct

A

Viable plate count

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5
Q

Filter large quantities of liquid/solution through a filter (membrane), press membrane to plate and count # of colonies

Direct

A

Membrane filtration

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6
Q

Use a grid and section on grid to count bacteria
Not accurate- not able to tell if bacteria is alive or dead

A

Microscopic counts

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7
Q

Microbial growth:indirect method

A

Metabolic activity
Dry weight
Turbidity

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8
Q

Indirect method: metabolic actitivty

Indirect

A

Measure amount of by product (waste) to estimate the # of bacteria

Ex: measure decease in pH

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9
Q

Remove media & take weight of bacteria divided by the approximate weight of once cell to estimate the amount of

Indirect

A

Dry weight

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10
Q

Measure cloudiness of the culture using a spectrophotometer

A

Turbidity

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11
Q

Microbial growth requirements

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. O2
  3. Temperature
  4. pH
  5. Osmotic pressure
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12
Q

Chemical analysis of microbial cytoplasm can indicate

A

Nutritional requirements

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13
Q

Compounds a microbe cannot make itself but must gather from immediate environment

A

Essential nutrients

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14
Q

Elements everything living thing needs

A

Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Sulfur

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15
Q

Minerals

A

Magnesium
Iron
Postassium

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16
Q

Trace elements

A

Cobalt
Copper
Manganese
Nickel
Zinc
Molybdenum

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17
Q

Nutrients: sources of carbon

A

Autotrophs
Heterotrophs

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18
Q

Use inorganic source of carbon to make organic compounds inside their cells

A

Autotrophs

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19
Q

Catabolism organic molecules(proteins, carbs, amino acids) to make organic compounds

A

Heterotrophs

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20
Q

Nutrients: source of energy

A

Phototrophs
Chemotrophs

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21
Q

Extract energy from absorption of light

A

Photographs

22
Q

Extract energy from oxidation-reduction reactions that remove electrons from high energy compounds to produce lower energy compounds

A

Chemotrophs

23
Q

Get energy from rocks/soul components

“Eat rocks”

A

Lithotripsy

24
Q

Eat organic macromolecules
•proteins, carbs, lipids and nucleic acids

A

Organotrophy

25
Q

O2 requirements

A

O2 is essential for obligate aerobes(final electron acceptor in ETC)

O2 is deadly for obligate anaerobes

26
Q

Steal electrons from anywhere in the cell if it doesn’t bond with e- & H
Enzymes convert to safer compounds:
1. Superoxide dismutase: takes free O2, converts it to hydrogen peroxide
2. Catalase- remove an O2 to give us H2O and O2

A

Superoxide radicals

27
Q

Use O2 in the ETC and have oxygen detoxifying enzymes

A

Obligate aerobes

28
Q

No O2 and no oxygen detoxifying enzymes

A

Obligate anaerobes

29
Q

Use O2 in the ETC, fermentation, and have oxygen detoxifying enzymes

A

Facultative anaerobes

30
Q

No O2 for the ETC and have O2 detoxifying enzymes

A

Aerotolerant anaerobes

31
Q

Use O2 for the ETC and produce low concentrations for O2 detoxifying enzymes

A

Microaerophiles

32
Q

Microbial growth: temperature

A

Microbes cannot control their temperature

It affects rate of motion, membrane fluidity, nutrient transport

33
Q

Psychrophiles

A

Like cold temperatures

34
Q

Mesophiles

A

Human body temperature (most pathogens)

Overlap with psychrophiles

35
Q

Thermophiles

A

Like higher temperatures.

Pathogens don’t grow here

36
Q

Hyperthermophiles

A

Like very hot temperatures (gysers & hot springs)

No pathogens

37
Q

The measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
Influences growth by alternating protein shape = changes in protein activity

Acids release hydrogen ions
Bases release hydroxide ions

A

Microbial growth: pH

38
Q

Types of pH

A

Acidophiles
Neurtalophiles : typical pathogens
Alkaliphiles

39
Q

Physical effects of water: microbes require water to dissolve enzymes & nutrients required in metabolism

Water is important reactant in many metabolic reactions

A

Microbial growth: water pressure

40
Q

Osmotic pressure: pressure on the feel d/t water moving in or out according to concentration gradient

Hydrostatic pressure: pressure that water exerts on a cell from outside

A

Typers of physical effects on water

41
Q

Microbial growth: salt

A

Species that evolved to require high salt concentrations are known as : halophiles

42
Q

Symbiosis is any type of a close & long term biological interaction between 2 different organisms

A

Symbiotic relationships

43
Q

Types of symbiotic relationships

A

Mutualism- both species benefit
Commensalism- ones species benefit & other is not affected
Parasitism- one species benefit & other is harmed

44
Q

2 organisms that do not have interdependent relationships

A

Nomsymbiotic relationships

45
Q

Synergism- both species benefit each other but can grow independently of each other

Antagonism- both species are going to restrict each other growth

A

Types of non symbiotic relationships

46
Q

Types of culture media

A

Defined/synthetic medium
Complex/natural medium
Enriched medium

47
Q

Comments added in precise amounts
H2O, salts, carbon, nitrogen & energy sources

A

Defined/synthetic medium

48
Q

Nutrient-rich, but poorly defined
Concentration & composition unknown

A

Complex/natural medium

49
Q

Specialized for one special organism/fastidious organisms

A

Enriched medium

50
Q

Favor growth of one organism over another

A

Selective media

51
Q

Expose biochemical differences between 2 species that grow equally well

A

Differential media

Microbiology (11 decks)

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