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Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate the systems of Innate Immunity

A

■ Skin and Mucous membranes
■ Formed Elements in the Blood
■ Lymphatic System
■ Complement System
■ Inflammation and Fever
■ Interferons

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2
Q

Enumerate parts of Skin and Mucous membranes

A

■ Epidermis
■ Mucus in mucous membranes
■ Cilia in respiratory tract
■ Tears
■ Saliva
■ Flow of urine
■ Vaginal secretions
■ Defecation and vomiting
■ Sebum
■ Gastric acid
■ Lysozyme
■ Normal microbiota

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3
Q

Enumerate system of formed elements in the blood

A

■ Erythrocytes/RBCs
■ Leukocytes/WBCs
■ Platelets

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4
Q

Enumerate the Granulocytes of Leukocytes (WBC)

A

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils

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5
Q

Enumerate the Agranulocytes of Leukocytes (WBC)

A

Monocytes
Dendritic cells
Lymphocytes

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6
Q

Phagocytosis is its function

A

Neutrophils

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7
Q

Its function is production of histamine

A

Basophils

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8
Q

Its function is production of toxic proteins against certain parasites; some phagocytosis

A

Eosinophils

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9
Q

Its functions is phagocytosis (when they mature into macrophages)

A

Monocytes

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10
Q

Its funtions is phagocytosis and initiation of adaptive immune reesponses

A

Dendritic cells

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11
Q

Its functions is to destroy target cells by cytolysis and apoptosis

A

Natural killer cells of Lymphocytes

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12
Q

Granulocytes (Neutrophils, Eosinophils) and
Monocytes/Macrophages/Dendritic Cells

A

Phagocytes

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13
Q

ingestion of a microorganism or other substance by a
cell

A

Phagocytosis

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14
Q

population of cells that descend from monocytes

A

Reticuloendothelial (Mononuclear Phagocytic) System

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15
Q

Two components of the phagocytes Reticuloendothelial (Mononuclear Phagocytic) System

A

Fixed Macrophages/Histiocytes
Free/Wandering Macrophages

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16
Q

resident in certain tissues and
organs of the body

A

Fixed Macrophages/Histiocytes

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17
Q

roam the tissues and gather at
sites of infection/inflammation

A

Free/Wandering Macrophages

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18
Q

Enumerate the Fixed macrophages

A

■ Kupffer cells
■ Alveolar macrophages
■ Microglial cells
■ Langerhans Cells
■ Splenic macrophages
■ Peritoneal macrophages

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19
Q

consists of a fluid (lymph), vessels (lymphatic vessels), and structures and organs
containing lymphoid tissue

A

Lymphatic System

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20
Q

where stem cells divide and become immunocompetent

A

Primary Lymphatic Organs

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21
Q

e.g. bone marrow and thymus

A

Primary Lymphatic Organs

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22
Q

where most immune responses occur

A

Secondary Lymphatic Organs/Tissues

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23
Q

e.g. lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyer’s patches, appendix, MALT (mucosa-
associated lymphoid tissue)

A

Secondary Lymphatic Organs/Tissues

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24
Q

contains large numbers of lymphocytes and phagocytes

A

Secondary Lymphatic Organs/Tissues

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25
has lymph nodes
Secondary Lymphatic Organs/Tissues
26
sites of activation of T cells and B cells
Lymph nodes
27
consists of >30 proteins produced by the liver that circulate in the blood and within tissues
Complement System
28
C1 through C9; activate by splitting
inactive precursors
29
with lowercase letters
active fragments:
30
complements cells of the immune system in destroying microbes and acts in cascade
Complement System
31
what are the 3 pathways of complement system
– Classical – Alternative – Lectin
32
where does all pathway end in what activation?
C3
33
Antigen-antibody immune complexes
Classical pathway
34
PAMP recognition by lectins
Lectin pathway
35
Spontaneous hydrolysis
Alternative pathway
36
What are the Outcomes of Complement Activation
Cytolysis Oposonization Inflammation
37
a nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage
inflammation
38
5 cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation:
– Pain – Redness – Loss of function – Swelling – Heat
39
What are the functions of inflammation?
– to destroy/remove the injurious agent – if destruction/removal is not possible, to limit the effects on the body by confining or walling it off – to repair or replace damaged tissue
40
What are the steps involved in inflammation
1. Vasodilation and Increased Permeability 2. Phagocyte Migration and Phagocytosis 3. Tissue Repair
41
Enumerate some of vasoactive mediator
Histamine Kinins Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Complement Cytokines
42
Its effect is vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels and Sources are mast cells, basophils and platelets
Histamine
43
Its effects is chemotaxis by attracting neutrophils and its Sources are blood plasma
Kinins
44
Its effects are to intensify the effects of histamine and kinins and help phagocytes move through capillary vessels and its sources are **damaged cells**
Prostaglandines
45
Its effects is to **increase permeability of blood vessels** and help to attach phagocytes to pathogens and its sources are **mast cells and basophils**
Leukotrienes
46
Its effects are to **stimulate release of histamines**, attracts phagocytes, and promotes phagocytosis and its sources are **blood plasma**
Complementary
47
Its effect is vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels and Sources **fixed macrophages**
Cytokines
48
develop rapidly and last for a few days or weeks
Acute inflammation
49
mild and self-limiting
Acute inflammation
50
principal defensive cells: neutrophils
Acute inflammation
51
develop slowly and last up to several months or years
Chronic inflammation
52
severe and progressive
Chronic Inflammation
53
principal defensive cells: monocytes and macrophages
Chronic inflammation
54
abnormally high body temperature due to resetting of the hypothalamic thermostat
Fever
55
What does LPS of gram (-) bacteria triggers phagocytes to release what?
Cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α).
56
trigger **hypothalamus** to release **prostaglandins** that reset the **hypothalamic thermostat.**
Cytokines
57
■ intensifies the effect of interferons ■ may help tissue repair ■ IL-1 - helps step up T cell production
Fever
58
produced by fibroblasts, lymphocytes and macrophages
Interferons (IFNs)
59
a family of cytokines
Interferons (IFNs)
60
inhibit viral replication
Interferons (IFNs)
61
What are the 3 types of interferons in humans?
– alpha interferon (IFN-ɑ) – beta interferon (IFN-β) – gamma interferon (IFN-γ)

Micropara (10 decks)

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