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Micropara > Innate Immunity > Flashcards

Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate the systems of Innate Immunity

A

■ Skin and Mucous membranes
■ Formed Elements in the Blood
■ Lymphatic System
■ Complement System
■ Inflammation and Fever
■ Interferons

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2
Q

Enumerate parts of Skin and Mucous membranes

A

■ Epidermis
■ Mucus in mucous membranes
■ Cilia in respiratory tract
■ Tears
■ Saliva
■ Flow of urine
■ Vaginal secretions
■ Defecation and vomiting
■ Sebum
■ Gastric acid
■ Lysozyme
■ Normal microbiota

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3
Q

Enumerate system of formed elements in the blood

A

■ Erythrocytes/RBCs
■ Leukocytes/WBCs
■ Platelets

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4
Q

Enumerate the Granulocytes of Leukocytes (WBC)

A

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils

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5
Q

Enumerate the Agranulocytes of Leukocytes (WBC)

A

Monocytes
Dendritic cells
Lymphocytes

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6
Q

Phagocytosis is its function

A

Neutrophils

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7
Q

Its function is production of histamine

A

Basophils

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8
Q

Its function is production of toxic proteins against certain parasites; some phagocytosis

A

Eosinophils

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9
Q

Its functions is phagocytosis (when they mature into macrophages)

A

Monocytes

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10
Q

Its funtions is phagocytosis and initiation of adaptive immune reesponses

A

Dendritic cells

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11
Q

Its functions is to destroy target cells by cytolysis and apoptosis

A

Natural killer cells of Lymphocytes

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12
Q

Granulocytes (Neutrophils, Eosinophils) and
Monocytes/Macrophages/Dendritic Cells

A

Phagocytes

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13
Q

ingestion of a microorganism or other substance by a
cell

A

Phagocytosis

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14
Q

population of cells that descend from monocytes

A

Reticuloendothelial (Mononuclear Phagocytic) System

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15
Q

Two components of the phagocytes Reticuloendothelial (Mononuclear Phagocytic) System

A

Fixed Macrophages/Histiocytes
Free/Wandering Macrophages

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16
Q

resident in certain tissues and
organs of the body

A

Fixed Macrophages/Histiocytes

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17
Q

roam the tissues and gather at
sites of infection/inflammation

A

Free/Wandering Macrophages

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18
Q

Enumerate the Fixed macrophages

A

■ Kupffer cells
■ Alveolar macrophages
■ Microglial cells
■ Langerhans Cells
■ Splenic macrophages
■ Peritoneal macrophages

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19
Q

consists of a fluid (lymph), vessels (lymphatic vessels), and structures and organs
containing lymphoid tissue

A

Lymphatic System

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20
Q

where stem cells divide and become immunocompetent

A

Primary Lymphatic Organs

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21
Q

e.g. bone marrow and thymus

A

Primary Lymphatic Organs

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22
Q

where most immune responses occur

A

Secondary Lymphatic Organs/Tissues

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23
Q

e.g. lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyer’s patches, appendix, MALT (mucosa-
associated lymphoid tissue)

A

Secondary Lymphatic Organs/Tissues

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24
Q

contains large numbers of lymphocytes and phagocytes

A

Secondary Lymphatic Organs/Tissues

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25
Q

has lymph nodes

A

Secondary Lymphatic Organs/Tissues

26
Q

sites of activation of T cells and B cells

A

Lymph nodes

27
Q

consists of >30 proteins produced by the liver that circulate in the
blood and within tissues

A

Complement System

28
Q

C1 through C9; activate by splitting

A

inactive precursors

29
Q

with lowercase letters

A

active fragments:

30
Q

complements cells of the immune system in destroying microbes and acts in cascade

A

Complement System

31
Q

what are the 3 pathways of complement system

A

– Classical
– Alternative
– Lectin

32
Q

where does all pathway end in what activation?

A

C3

33
Q

Antigen-antibody immune complexes

A

Classical pathway

34
Q

PAMP recognition by lectins

A

Lectin pathway

35
Q

Spontaneous hydrolysis

A

Alternative pathway

36
Q

What are the Outcomes of Complement Activation

A

Cytolysis
Oposonization
Inflammation

37
Q

a nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage

A

inflammation

38
Q

5 cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation:

A

– Pain
– Redness
– Loss of function
– Swelling
– Heat

39
Q

What are the functions of inflammation?

A

– to destroy/remove the injurious agent
– if destruction/removal is not possible, to limit the effects
on the body by confining or walling it off
– to repair or replace damaged tissue

40
Q

What are the steps involved in inflammation

A
  1. Vasodilation and Increased Permeability
  2. Phagocyte Migration and Phagocytosis
  3. Tissue Repair
41
Q

Enumerate some of vasoactive mediator

A

Histamine
Kinins
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Complement
Cytokines

42
Q

Its effect is vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels and Sources are mast cells, basophils and platelets

A

Histamine

43
Q

Its effects is chemotaxis by attracting neutrophils and its Sources are blood plasma

A

Kinins

44
Q

Its effects are to intensify the effects of histamine and kinins and help phagocytes move through capillary vessels and its sources are damaged cells

A

Prostaglandines

45
Q

Its effects is to increase permeability of blood vessels and help to attach phagocytes to pathogens and its sources are mast cells and basophils

A

Leukotrienes

46
Q

Its effects are to stimulate release of histamines, attracts phagocytes, and promotes phagocytosis and its sources are blood plasma

A

Complementary

47
Q

Its effect is vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels and Sources fixed macrophages

A

Cytokines

48
Q

develop rapidly and last for
a few days or weeks

A

Acute inflammation

49
Q

mild and self-limiting

A

Acute inflammation

50
Q

principal defensive cells:
neutrophils

A

Acute inflammation

51
Q

develop slowly and last up
to several months or years

A

Chronic inflammation

52
Q

severe and progressive

A

Chronic Inflammation

53
Q

principal defensive cells:
monocytes and
macrophages

A

Chronic inflammation

54
Q

abnormally high body temperature due to resetting of the
hypothalamic thermostat

A

Fever

55
Q

What does LPS of gram (-) bacteria triggers phagocytes to release what?

A

Cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α).

56
Q

trigger hypothalamus to release prostaglandins that
reset the hypothalamic thermostat.

A

Cytokines

57
Q

■ intensifies the effect of interferons
■ may help tissue repair
■ IL-1 - helps step up T cell production

A

Fever

58
Q

produced by fibroblasts, lymphocytes and macrophages

A

Interferons (IFNs)

59
Q

a family of cytokines

A

Interferons (IFNs)

60
Q

inhibit viral replication

A

Interferons (IFNs)

61
Q

What are the 3 types of interferons in humans?

A

– alpha interferon (IFN-ɑ)
– beta interferon (IFN-β)
– gamma interferon (IFN-γ)

Micropara (10 decks)

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