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Micropara > 6 > Flashcards

6 Flashcards

1
Q

the ability to cause disease by overcoming host defenses

A

Pathogenicity

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2
Q

degree of pathogenicity

A

virulence

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3
Q

epithelium lining the respiratory tract,GIT,GUT, and conjunctiva

A

mucous membranes

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4
Q

portals of entry for mucous membranes

A

GIT
Respiratory tract - Most frequent

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5
Q

impenetrable by most microorganisms

A

unbroken skin

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6
Q

bore through intact skin

A

hookworm

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7
Q

grow on keratin in skin or infect skin itself

A

fungi

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8
Q

direct deposition into tissues beneath the skin or into mucous membranes
when penetrated or injured

A

parenteral

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9
Q

what are the number of invading microbes

A

ID50
LD50

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10
Q

bind surface receptors
(usually mannose) on the cells of certain
host tissues

A

Adhesins/Ligands

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11
Q

glycocalyx

A

streptococcus mutans

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12
Q

fimbriae

A

actinomyces
Streptococcus pyogenes

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13
Q

Fimbriae and pili

A

Escherichia coli

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14
Q

fimbriae, opacity associated proteins

A

Neisseriae gonorrhoeae

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15
Q

tapered end as hook

A

Treponema pallidum

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16
Q

produces adhesins that bind to aminin and fibronectin on skin cells

A

staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

converts fibrinogen to fibrin that coagulates the blood
to protect bacteria from phagocytosis and defenses

A

Coagulase

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18
Q

breaks down fibrin and digests clots

A

kinase

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19
Q

Fibrinolysin/streptokinase – produced by Streptococcus
pyogenes

A

kinase

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20
Q

hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid, which holds together cells
in connective tissues

A

Hyaluronidase

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21
Q

breaks down collagen in connective tissues

A

Collagenase

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22
Q

destroy IgA

A

IgA protease

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23
Q

prevents phagocytic cells from adhering to the bacterium

A

capsule

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24
Q

can induce antibody production and subsequent opsonization

A

capsule

25
Q

a heat-resistant and acid-resistant protein produced by Streptococcus
pyogenes

A

M protein

26
Q

mediates attachment of bacterium to host epithelial cells and helps resist
phagocytosis

A

M protein

27
Q

waxy lipid that makes up the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Mycolic acid

28
Q

resists digestion by phagocytes, and allow bacterial multiplication inside
phagocytes

A

Mycolic acid

29
Q

aggregate of interactive bacteria attached to a solid surface or to each other and encased in an exopolysaccharide matrix

A

biofilms

30
Q

what microorganism kills phagocytes with there EPS

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

31
Q

process by which pathogens can alter surface antigens

A

antigenic variation

32
Q

body mounts an adaptive immune response against a
pathogen, the pathogen has already altered its antigens and is unaffected
by the antibodies

A

antigenic variation

33
Q

live and grow in the hostile environment within PMNs, macrophages, or
monocytes

A

intracellular pathogenicity

34
Q

using the host nutrients

A

siderophores

35
Q

take the iron away from iron-transport proteins (e.g. lactoferrin, transferrin,
ferritin, hemoglobin) by binding the iron even more tightly

A

Siderophones

36
Q

iron-siderophore complexes are taken up by siderophore receptors on the
bacterial surface into the bacterium

A

siderophores

37
Q

can induce host epithelial cells toengul them similarly to phagocytosis and causes cells to rupture

A

Direct damage

38
Q

poisonous substances that are produced by certain microorganisms

A

toxins

39
Q

primary factor contribute to pathogenicity

A

toxins

40
Q

capacity to produce toxins

A

toxigenicity

41
Q

presence of toxins in the blood

A

toxemia

42
Q

caused by the presence of a toxin; not by microbial growth

A

intoxications

43
Q

two types of toxins

A

Endotoxins
Exotoxins

44
Q

released during bacterial multiplication and when gram-(-) bacteria undergo lysis

A

endotoxins

45
Q

do not promote the formation of effective antitoxins

A

endotoxins

46
Q

a sensitive test to identify the presence of endotoxins in drugs, medical
devices, and body fluids

A

Bacterial Endotoxin test

47
Q

what is bacterial Endotoxin test also known as?

A

Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Assay (LAL)

48
Q

secreted into the outside medium or released following lysis and are produces by both gram Negative and positive bacteria

A

exotoxins

49
Q

soluble in body fluids and can easily diffuse into the blood and are rapidly
transported

A

exotoxins

50
Q

antibodies that provide immunity to exotoxins

A

antitoxins

51
Q

exotoxins inactivated by heat or by formaldehyde, iodine, or other
chemicals

A

Toxoids

52
Q

used as vaccines to induce immunity (antitoxin production), but not cause
disease

A

Toxoids

53
Q

A: enzyme component (toxic)
B: binding component
are 2 polypeptides

A

A-B toxins

54
Q

causes lysis of host cells by disrupting their plasma membrane

A

membrane-disrupting toxins

55
Q

kill phagocytes by forming protein channels

A

leukocidins

56
Q

kills erythrocyte by forming protein channes

A

hemolysins

57
Q

produced by streptococci

A

streptolysins

58
Q

produced by Listeria monocygenes

A

membrane-attack complexes

59
Q

resistance to antibotics

A

Plasmids

Micropara (10 decks)

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