Innate And Adaptive Response- Lecture 9/29/21

Question 1

Innate immunity

Answer 1

Includes a variety of mechanisms that can prevent infection or eliminate a pathogen

• Present in all individuals at all times
• Earliest response to infection
• Recognize groups of similar pathogens

Question 2

Mechanical barriers

Answer 2

• Skin/mucosa

- Movement of mucus by cilia

Question 3

Biologically active substances (innate response) (4)

Answer 3

• Anti-microbial proteins
• Cytokines
• Acute phase proteins
• Activation of complement proteins

Question 4

IL-1, IL-6 and TNF

Answer 4

Examples of cytokines, the hormones of the immune system

Question 5

C-reactive protein

Answer 5

Example of acute phase protein, realeased from liver, anti-microbial proteins

Question 6

Cells of the innate immune response

Answer 6

• Macrophages
• Neutrophils
• Natural Killer (NK) Cells
• Mast cells and basophils
• Eosinophils
• Dendritic cells

Question 7

Macrophage (Mo)

Answer 7

Phagocytosis and activation of bacteriocidal mechanisms, antigen presentation to T-cells, derivative of monocytes

Question 8

Neutrophils

Answer 8

Phagocytes cells, enter infected tissue and engulf extra cellular pathogens

Question 9

Eosinophils

Answer 9

Involved in killing parachutes too large for phagocytosis, also involved in allergic response

Question 10

Basophils and Mast Cells

Answer 10

Involved in response to parasites and allergic responses

Question 11

Natural Killer (NK) cell

Answer 11

Can kill some virus-infected cells and some tumor cells, induce apoptosis

Question 12

Dendritic cells

Answer 12

Guard cells of the immune system, found all over the body and elicit early immune response

Question 13

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Answer 13

Receptors that have evolved to recognize specific things on molecules

Question 14

TLR-4

Answer 14

Toll-like receptor 4, example of a PRR that recognizes LPS (lipopolysaccharide) on gram negative bacteria

Question 15

LPS

Answer 15

Lipopolysacchirides, example of a PAMP on gram negative bacteria

Question 16

PAMPS

Answer 16

Pathogen associated molecular pattern, what PRRs evolve to recognize

Question 17

Mechanisms of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF (4)

Answer 17

Increased body temp (fever)
Increased WBC production (lymph nodes)
Increased C-reactive protein
Recruitment of inflammatory cells

Question 18

Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity

Answer 18

Host defenses educated by the clonal expansion and differentiation of B and T cells, antigen specific, develops over days/weeks

Question 19

Humoral immunity

Answer 19

Produced by B lymphocytes that differentiate into plasma cells to secrete antibodies

Question 20

BCR

Answer 20

B cell receptor for antigen (is an antibody)

Question 21

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer 21

Refers to adaptive immune response involving T lymphocytes, turns naive T cells to effector T cells

Question 22

TCR

Answer 22

T cell receptor, not an antibody

Question 23

Clonal selection

Answer 23

Proliferation and differentiation to produce both effector cells and memory cells (T and B cells)

Question 24

Plasma cells

Answer 24

Differentiated B cells that secrete antibodies for a particular pathogen

Question 25

Polyclonal response

Answer 25

Activates many B cells for the particular epitopes on an antigen

Question 26

Epitopes

Answer 26

“Shape” of an antigen

Question 27

Primary lymphoid organs

Answer 27

- bone marrow (b cell development) | - Thymus (T-cell development)

Question 28

Secondary lymphoid organs (5)

Answer 28

Where clonal expansion happens - Adenoid - Tonsil - Lymph nodes - Spleen - Peyer’s patches

Question 29

Antibody structure

Answer 29

Two identical Heavy chains with two identical light chains

Question 30

Fc region

Answer 30

Region below the hinge of an antibody, consists of two heavy chains

Question 31

Fab region

Answer 31

Fragment antigen binding, can bind some epitope

Question 32

Variable chains

Answer 32

Last ~100 aas on heavy and light chains that contribute to the antigen binding site