Injury, Healing an Repair Flashcards
what ar some causes of cellular/ tissue injury
physical chemical infectious immunological genetic
what are the diff phases of cellular injury
reversible an irreversible
whats cellular injury recog by
morphological
strcuureal features
biochem fetaures
what does serve damage led to
cell death
what re some vulnerable intracellular system
cell mem integrity
aerobic resp
protein syn
genomic integrity
what are some mechanisms of cellular injury
deficiency in metabolites
mem damage
DNA damage or loss
impaired metabolism
what are the types of mem damage
structural - physical, chemical, osmotic, free radical
functional - fail ion pumps
calcium ion homeostasis
how can DNA be damged or lost
radiation
drugs
free radicals
what is impaired metabolism
resp
synthesis (P)
what’d does the severity of damage and the effects on the cells dept on
type, magnitude and duration of injury type of tissue affected proportion and type of cells affected effect on CT scaffold effect on other tissues
what are some reversible damages
reduced aerobic resp
mem pump fails
cell swelling
accumulate of lipid
what happens when cell swelling
hydronic change cyto pale and swollen accumulation of fluid function of mems hypoxia and them poisons
what happen when there is a fatty change in cell injury
accumulate lipid droplets
uncouple lipid drops
liver common affected
what is a common liver injury
hepatic steatosis
what is irreversible damage characterise day
severe damage to cell mem and mito
leak enzymes
nuclear changes
what can happen asa result of irreversible damage
ATP deletion
cell mem damage
(progressive loss phosplipids, lipid breakdown, active oxygen sp, cytoskel abnormalities)
hat are the types of cell death
apoptosis
necrosis
what is apoptosis
physiological and pathological
affect scattered cells
energy dept
biochem reg - inducers and inhibit
what is necrosis
pathological
affects sheets of cells
not energy dept
diff types
what are some inhibitors for apoptosis
GF
viral P
what ae some inducers of apoptosis
withdraw GF
viruses
free radials
DNA damag
when is there increased apoptosis
AIDS
neurodegen
when is there decreased apoptosis
neoplasia
auto immune disease
whataresome cell types
labile - GI tract, bone marrow
stable - hepatocytes, endothelium
permanent - neurones, skeletal muscle
what cells are capable of restitution
labile and stable
what cells are not capable of retsitution
permanent cells
when happens when repair with scarring
damage o tissue architecture
granulation tissue
fibrosis
contraction 80%
wha causes granulation tissue to contract
collagen maturing and ocntractig in fibroblasts
what is granulation tissue
aggregation of macrophage
what are the types of repairing with scarring
first intention - surgical scar
second intention - ulcerated surface
what cases wound contwrcaion
action of myofibroblasst
what does wound contraction do
reduce volume of wound
what problems ca occur form wound contrcation
stenosis
what are some local features that influence wound
type cell type injury foreign material infection blood unnerve supply local disease salty
what re some systemic facts influencing wound heal
age general health - nuturutoin - sp diseases - drugs
what are some examples of excessive scar formation
hypertopic scar
keloid
