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Pathology > Injury, Healing an Repair > Flashcards

Injury, Healing an Repair Flashcards

1
Q

what ar some causes of cellular/ tissue injury

A 
physical 
chemical 
infectious 
immunological 
genetic
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2
Q

what are the diff phases of cellular injury

A

reversible an irreversible

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3
Q

whats cellular injury recog by

A

morphological
strcuureal features
biochem fetaures

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4
Q

what does serve damage led to

A

cell death

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5
Q

what re some vulnerable intracellular system

A

cell mem integrity
aerobic resp
protein syn
genomic integrity

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6
Q

what are some mechanisms of cellular injury

A

deficiency in metabolites
mem damage
DNA damage or loss
impaired metabolism

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7
Q

what are the types of mem damage

A

structural - physical, chemical, osmotic, free radical
functional - fail ion pumps
calcium ion homeostasis

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8
Q

how can DNA be damged or lost

A

radiation
drugs
free radicals

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9
Q

what is impaired metabolism

A

resp

synthesis (P)

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10
Q

what’d does the severity of damage and the effects on the cells dept on

A 
type, magnitude and duration of injury 
type of tissue affected 
proportion and type of cells affected 
effect on CT scaffold 
effect on other tissues
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11
Q

what are some reversible damages

A

reduced aerobic resp
mem pump fails
cell swelling
accumulate of lipid

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12
Q

what happens when cell swelling

A 
hydronic change 
cyto pale and swollen 
accumulation of fluid 
function of mems 
hypoxia and them poisons
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13
Q

what happen when there is a fatty change in cell injury

A

accumulate lipid droplets
uncouple lipid drops
liver common affected

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14
Q

what is a common liver injury

A

hepatic steatosis

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15
Q

what is irreversible damage characterise day

A

severe damage to cell mem and mito
leak enzymes
nuclear changes

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16
Q

what can happen asa result of irreversible damage

A

ATP deletion
cell mem damage
(progressive loss phosplipids, lipid breakdown, active oxygen sp, cytoskel abnormalities)

17
Q

hat are the types of cell death

A

apoptosis

necrosis

18
Q

what is apoptosis

A

physiological and pathological
affect scattered cells
energy dept
biochem reg - inducers and inhibit

19
Q

what is necrosis

A

pathological
affects sheets of cells
not energy dept
diff types

20
Q

what are some inhibitors for apoptosis

A

GF

viral P

21
Q

what ae some inducers of apoptosis

A

withdraw GF
viruses
free radials
DNA damag

22
Q

when is there increased apoptosis

A

AIDS

neurodegen

23
Q

when is there decreased apoptosis

A

neoplasia

auto immune disease

24
Q

whataresome cell types

A

labile - GI tract, bone marrow
stable - hepatocytes, endothelium
permanent - neurones, skeletal muscle

25
Q

what cells are capable of restitution

A

labile and stable

26
Q

what cells are not capable of retsitution

A

permanent cells

27
Q

when happens when repair with scarring

A

damage o tissue architecture
granulation tissue
fibrosis
contraction 80%

28
Q

wha causes granulation tissue to contract

A

collagen maturing and ocntractig in fibroblasts

29
Q

what is granulation tissue

A

aggregation of macrophage

30
Q

what are the types of repairing with scarring

A

first intention - surgical scar

second intention - ulcerated surface

31
Q

what cases wound contwrcaion

A

action of myofibroblasst

32
Q

what does wound contraction do

A

reduce volume of wound

33
Q

what problems ca occur form wound contrcation

A

stenosis

34
Q

what are some local features that influence wound

A 
type cell 
type injury 
foreign material 
infection 
blood unnerve supply 
local disease
salty
35
Q

what re some systemic facts influencing wound heal

A 
age 
general health 
- nuturutoin 
- sp diseases
- drugs
36
Q

what are some examples of excessive scar formation

A

hypertopic scar

keloid

Pathology (13 decks)

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