Injury, Healing an Repair

Question 1

what ar some causes of cellular/ tissue injury

Answer 1

physical 
chemical 
infectious 
immunological 
genetic

Question 2

what are the diff phases of cellular injury

Answer 2

reversible an irreversible

Question 3

whats cellular injury recog by

Answer 3

morphological
strcuureal features
biochem fetaures

Question 4

what does serve damage led to

Answer 4

cell death

Question 5

what re some vulnerable intracellular system

Answer 5

cell mem integrity
aerobic resp
protein syn
genomic integrity

Question 6

what are some mechanisms of cellular injury

Answer 6

deficiency in metabolites
mem damage
DNA damage or loss
impaired metabolism

Question 7

what are the types of mem damage

Answer 7

structural - physical, chemical, osmotic, free radical
functional - fail ion pumps
calcium ion homeostasis

Question 8

how can DNA be damged or lost

Answer 8

radiation
drugs
free radicals

Question 9

what is impaired metabolism

Answer 9

resp

synthesis (P)

Question 10

what’d does the severity of damage and the effects on the cells dept on

Answer 10

type, magnitude and duration of injury 
type of tissue affected 
proportion and type of cells affected 
effect on CT scaffold 
effect on other tissues

Question 11

what are some reversible damages

Answer 11

reduced aerobic resp
mem pump fails
cell swelling
accumulate of lipid

Question 12

what happens when cell swelling

Answer 12

hydronic change 
cyto pale and swollen 
accumulation of fluid 
function of mems 
hypoxia and them poisons

Question 13

what happen when there is a fatty change in cell injury

Answer 13

accumulate lipid droplets
uncouple lipid drops
liver common affected

Question 14

what is a common liver injury

Answer 14

hepatic steatosis

Question 15

what is irreversible damage characterise day

Answer 15

severe damage to cell mem and mito
leak enzymes
nuclear changes

Question 16

what can happen asa result of irreversible damage

Answer 16

ATP deletion
cell mem damage
(progressive loss phosplipids, lipid breakdown, active oxygen sp, cytoskel abnormalities)

Question 17

hat are the types of cell death

Answer 17

apoptosis

necrosis

Question 18

what is apoptosis

Answer 18

physiological and pathological
affect scattered cells
energy dept
biochem reg - inducers and inhibit

Question 19

what is necrosis

Answer 19

pathological
affects sheets of cells
not energy dept
diff types

Question 20

what are some inhibitors for apoptosis

Answer 20

GF

viral P

Question 21

what ae some inducers of apoptosis

Answer 21

withdraw GF
viruses
free radials
DNA damag

Question 22

when is there increased apoptosis

Answer 22

AIDS

neurodegen

Question 23

when is there decreased apoptosis

Answer 23

neoplasia

auto immune disease

Question 24

whataresome cell types

Answer 24

labile - GI tract, bone marrow
stable - hepatocytes, endothelium
permanent - neurones, skeletal muscle

Question 25

what cells are capable of restitution

Answer 25

labile and stable

Question 26

what cells are not capable of retsitution

Answer 26

permanent cells

Question 27

when happens when repair with scarring

Answer 27

damage o tissue architecture granulation tissue fibrosis contraction 80%

Question 28

wha causes granulation tissue to contract

Answer 28

collagen maturing and ocntractig in fibroblasts

Question 29

what is granulation tissue

Answer 29

aggregation of macrophage

Question 30

what are the types of repairing with scarring

Answer 30

first intention - surgical scar | second intention - ulcerated surface

Question 31

what cases wound contwrcaion

Answer 31

action of myofibroblasst

Question 32

what does wound contraction do

Answer 32

reduce volume of wound

Question 33

what problems ca occur form wound contrcation

Answer 33

stenosis

Question 34

what are some local features that influence wound

Answer 34

``` type cell type injury foreign material infection blood unnerve supply local disease salty ```

Question 35

what re some systemic facts influencing wound heal

Answer 35

``` age general health - nuturutoin - sp diseases - drugs ```

Question 36

what are some examples of excessive scar formation

Answer 36

hypertopic scar | keloid