GI Pathology Flashcards by Charlotte Smith

what ae the two main inflammatory bowel diseases

crohns

ulcerative colitis

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what is another inflammatory disease

coeliac disease

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what is an nflmamtory bowel disease

chronic condition due to inappropriate mucosal immune activity

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what is the pathogenesis of inflam autoimmune

hygiene

intestinal microbes- limited flora greater impact
intestinal epi function
immune reposnes Th + interuekin recps
genetic

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what are crohns features

anywhere in GI 
skip lesions 
thick wall
strictures 
deep ulcers
mod pseudopolyps 
transmural inflam 
granulomas 
fistulae
recurrence

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what are UC features

limited to colona nd rectum 
continuous 
thin wall
no strictures
superficial ulcers
marked pseudopolyps 
mucosal inflam 
no granulomas
no fistuale 
no recurrance

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what are the oral manifestations of crohn

30%
oral ulcers - cobblestone
recurrent aphthous ulcers

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what are the oral manifestations of uC

recurrent pathos ulcers

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what is coeliac disese

immune mediated disease due to ingestion of gluten containing cereals

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how prevalent is coeliac disease

in 30-60 y.o

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what is coeliac disease assc with

HLA - DQ8
dermatitis
herpetiforms
auto immune diseases

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what is the apthogeensi of coeliac disease

gliadin ( comp of gluten) trigger immune resp
activate intra epi lymphocytes
tissue damage

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what sit he histological features assc with coeliac disease

villous atrophy
crypt hyperplasia
increased intra epi lymphocytes

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what are some oral minfetations of coeliac disease

enamel defects 
delayed eruption 
recurrent apthous ulcers
angular chelitis 
atrophic glossitis

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what is glossitis

infra of tongue

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what is the cancer w out likely to come across

oral SCC

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what is the aetiology of SCC

smoking 
alcohol 
HPV 
betel nuts
genetics
chronic irritation

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what si the pathogenesis of SCC

successive genetic alterations affect oncogenes and tumour suppression genes

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what can SCC present as

white patch
speckled patch
veruucous like
ulceration

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what si the history of SCC like

dysplastic lesion - sq cells breach base mem

must show keratin or prickle cells

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what are the majority oes cancers

SCC

adenocarcinoma

what is the aetiology of SCC assc with oes cancer

smoking
alcohol
oesophageal
achalasia

what is the aetiology of adenocarcinoma in oes cancer

GORD
smoking
obesity
previous radiotherapy

what sit he pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma

stepwise accumulation of genetic abdnoamlites

in barret area of res

what is the histology of adenocarcinom

mucin producing intestinal type gland signet cells small poorly diff cells invade beyond muscularis mucosa

what is the aetiology of cool rectal carcinoma

diet | genetics

what is the pathogenesis of cool rectal carcinoma

stepwise inc multiple gene defects 2 pathways arise from adenomatous polyps

what are the two pathways assc with pahtogensssu of cool rectal carcinoma

classic adenoma carcinoma sequence | DNA mismatch repair deficiency

how does cool rectal carcinoma present

polypolidal or ulcerated mass desmoplastic stroma dirty necrosis metastasis in head an neck

wha are the types of anal cancer

ganldular or squamous

what re the risk factors of anal cancer

``` HPV smoking immunosuppression chronic inflam age gender ```

what is ana cancer assc with

condyloma accuminatum

wat si pathogenesis of anal cancer

normal to dysplasia to carcinoma

what is gardener syndrome

autosomal dominant | 1/3 spontaneous mutations on chromo 5

what is the presentation of garden syndrome

``` adenomatous polyposis osteomas of skull demoed tumours thyroid carcinoma dental abnormalities ```

what will grader syndrome dev to

colo rectal cancer

what is peutz- Jeghers syndrome

autosomal dominant | few sporadic cases

what age is peutz-Jegher syndrome prevalent

10-15 years

what is the pathogenesis of peutzJheger syndrome

assc with loss of functios | mutation of LBK1/STK11 geen

how does puetz-Jhegar syndrome present

hamartomatous polyps intusseption adenocarcinoma in GI and sytemically

what are the oral manifestations of peutz-Jhegar syndrome

dark blue/bown macule peri-orally, labile mucosa and tongue

what is pathogenesis of plummer vinson syndrome

nutritional factors (anaemia) autoimmune genetic infection

how does plummer vision syndrome present

oes webs oes rings nail changes brittle hair

what are some oral manifestations of plummer vinson syndrome

glossitis | angular hceilitis SCC

what is plumes vinson syndrome sec with

coeliac disease pernicious anaemia crohns colo rectal tumours

what is cirrhosis

long term damage to liver = scarring fibrosis

whats the aetiology of cirrhosis

``` alcohol abuse NAFLD viral hepatitis autoimmune disease genetic diseases drugs ```

what si the aphtogenesis of cirrhosis

death heaptcytes ECM depo vasc reorg

how does cirrhosis present

``` non sp jaundice portal hypertension clotting dysfunction heptaocellular carcinoma ```

what are the oral mainfeatstations of cirrhosis

janudicedmucosa prolonged bleeding glossitis impaired drug metab