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Pathology > GI Pathology > Flashcards

GI Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what ae the two main inflammatory bowel diseases

A

crohns

ulcerative colitis

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2
Q

what is another inflammatory disease

A

coeliac disease

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3
Q

what is an nflmamtory bowel disease

A

chronic condition due to inappropriate mucosal immune activity

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4
Q

what is the pathogenesis of inflam autoimmune

A

hygiene

  • intestinal microbes- limited flora greater impact
  • intestinal epi function
  • immune reposnes Th + interuekin recps
  • genetic
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5
Q

what are crohns features

A 
anywhere in GI 
skip lesions 
thick wall
strictures 
deep ulcers
mod pseudopolyps 
transmural inflam 
granulomas 
fistulae
recurrence
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6
Q

what are UC features

A 
limited to colona nd rectum 
continuous 
thin wall
no strictures
superficial ulcers
marked pseudopolyps 
mucosal inflam 
no granulomas
no fistuale 
no recurrance
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7
Q

what are the oral manifestations of crohn

A

30%
oral ulcers - cobblestone
recurrent aphthous ulcers

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8
Q

what are the oral manifestations of uC

A

recurrent pathos ulcers

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9
Q

what is coeliac disese

A

immune mediated disease due to ingestion of gluten containing cereals

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10
Q

how prevalent is coeliac disease

A

1%

in 30-60 y.o

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11
Q

what is coeliac disease assc with

A

HLA - DQ8
dermatitis
herpetiforms
auto immune diseases

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12
Q

what is the apthogeensi of coeliac disease

A

gliadin ( comp of gluten) trigger immune resp
activate intra epi lymphocytes
tissue damage

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13
Q

what sit he histological features assc with coeliac disease

A

villous atrophy
crypt hyperplasia
increased intra epi lymphocytes

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14
Q

what are some oral minfetations of coeliac disease

A 
enamel defects 
delayed eruption 
recurrent apthous ulcers
angular chelitis 
atrophic glossitis
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15
Q

what is glossitis

A

infra of tongue

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16
Q

what is the cancer w out likely to come across

A

oral SCC

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17
Q

what is the aetiology of SCC

A 
smoking 
alcohol 
HPV 
betel nuts
genetics
chronic irritation
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18
Q

what si the pathogenesis of SCC

A

successive genetic alterations affect oncogenes and tumour suppression genes

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19
Q

what can SCC present as

A

white patch
speckled patch
veruucous like
ulceration

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20
Q

what si the history of SCC like

A

dysplastic lesion - sq cells breach base mem

must show keratin or prickle cells

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21
Q

what are the majority oes cancers

A

SCC

adenocarcinoma

22
Q

what is the aetiology of SCC assc with oes cancer

A

smoking
alcohol
oesophageal
achalasia

23
Q

what is the aetiology of adenocarcinoma in oes cancer

A

GORD
smoking
obesity
previous radiotherapy

24
Q

what sit he pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma

A

stepwise accumulation of genetic abdnoamlites

in barret area of res

25
Q

what is the histology of adenocarcinom

A

mucin producing intestinal type gland
signet cells
small poorly diff cells invade beyond muscularis mucosa

26
Q

what is the aetiology of cool rectal carcinoma

A

diet

genetics

27
Q

what is the pathogenesis of cool rectal carcinoma

A

stepwise inc multiple gene defects
2 pathways
arise from adenomatous polyps

28
Q

what are the two pathways assc with pahtogensssu of cool rectal carcinoma

A

classic adenoma carcinoma sequence

DNA mismatch repair deficiency

29
Q

how does cool rectal carcinoma present

A

polypolidal or ulcerated mass
desmoplastic stroma
dirty necrosis
metastasis in head an neck

30
Q

wha are the types of anal cancer

A

ganldular or squamous

31
Q

what re the risk factors of anal cancer

A 
HPV 
smoking
immunosuppression 
chronic inflam 
age 
gender
32
Q

what is ana cancer assc with

A

condyloma accuminatum

33
Q

wat si pathogenesis of anal cancer

A

normal to dysplasia to carcinoma

34
Q

what is gardener syndrome

A

autosomal dominant

1/3 spontaneous mutations on chromo 5

35
Q

what is the presentation of garden syndrome

A 
adenomatous polyposis 
osteomas of skull 
demoed tumours 
thyroid carcinoma 
dental abnormalities
36
Q

what will grader syndrome dev to

A

colo rectal cancer

37
Q

what is peutz- Jeghers syndrome

A

autosomal dominant

few sporadic cases

38
Q

what age is peutz-Jegher syndrome prevalent

A

10-15 years

39
Q

what is the pathogenesis of peutzJheger syndrome

A

assc with loss of functios

mutation of LBK1/STK11 geen

40
Q

how does puetz-Jhegar syndrome present

A

hamartomatous polyps
intusseption
adenocarcinoma in GI and sytemically

41
Q

what are the oral manifestations of peutz-Jhegar syndrome

A

dark blue/bown macule peri-orally, labile mucosa and tongue

42
Q

what is pathogenesis of plummer vinson syndrome

A

nutritional factors (anaemia)
autoimmune
genetic
infection

43
Q

how does plummer vision syndrome present

A

oes webs
oes rings
nail changes
brittle hair

44
Q

what are some oral manifestations of plummer vinson syndrome

A

glossitis

angular hceilitis SCC

45
Q

what is plumes vinson syndrome sec with

A

coeliac disease
pernicious anaemia
crohns
colo rectal tumours

46
Q

what is cirrhosis

A

long term damage to liver = scarring fibrosis

47
Q

whats the aetiology of cirrhosis

A 
alcohol abuse
NAFLD 
viral hepatitis
autoimmune disease
genetic diseases
drugs
48
Q

what si the aphtogenesis of cirrhosis

A

death heaptcytes
ECM depo
vasc reorg

49
Q

how does cirrhosis present

A 
non sp 
jaundice
portal hypertension 
clotting dysfunction 
heptaocellular carcinoma
50
Q

what are the oral mainfeatstations of cirrhosis

A

janudicedmucosa
prolonged bleeding
glossitis
impaired drug metab

Pathology (13 decks)

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