GI Pathology Flashcards
what ae the two main inflammatory bowel diseases
crohns
ulcerative colitis
what is another inflammatory disease
coeliac disease
what is an nflmamtory bowel disease
chronic condition due to inappropriate mucosal immune activity
what is the pathogenesis of inflam autoimmune
hygiene
- intestinal microbes- limited flora greater impact
- intestinal epi function
- immune reposnes Th + interuekin recps
- genetic
what are crohns features
anywhere in GI skip lesions thick wall strictures deep ulcers mod pseudopolyps transmural inflam granulomas fistulae recurrence
what are UC features
limited to colona nd rectum continuous thin wall no strictures superficial ulcers marked pseudopolyps mucosal inflam no granulomas no fistuale no recurrance
what are the oral manifestations of crohn
30%
oral ulcers - cobblestone
recurrent aphthous ulcers
what are the oral manifestations of uC
recurrent pathos ulcers
what is coeliac disese
immune mediated disease due to ingestion of gluten containing cereals
how prevalent is coeliac disease
1%
in 30-60 y.o
what is coeliac disease assc with
HLA - DQ8
dermatitis
herpetiforms
auto immune diseases
what is the apthogeensi of coeliac disease
gliadin ( comp of gluten) trigger immune resp
activate intra epi lymphocytes
tissue damage
what sit he histological features assc with coeliac disease
villous atrophy
crypt hyperplasia
increased intra epi lymphocytes
what are some oral minfetations of coeliac disease
enamel defects delayed eruption recurrent apthous ulcers angular chelitis atrophic glossitis
what is glossitis
infra of tongue
what is the cancer w out likely to come across
oral SCC
what is the aetiology of SCC
smoking alcohol HPV betel nuts genetics chronic irritation
what si the pathogenesis of SCC
successive genetic alterations affect oncogenes and tumour suppression genes
what can SCC present as
white patch
speckled patch
veruucous like
ulceration
what si the history of SCC like
dysplastic lesion - sq cells breach base mem
must show keratin or prickle cells
what are the majority oes cancers
SCC
adenocarcinoma
what is the aetiology of SCC assc with oes cancer
smoking
alcohol
oesophageal
achalasia
what is the aetiology of adenocarcinoma in oes cancer
GORD
smoking
obesity
previous radiotherapy
what sit he pathogenesis of adenocarcinoma
stepwise accumulation of genetic abdnoamlites
in barret area of res
what is the histology of adenocarcinom
mucin producing intestinal type gland
signet cells
small poorly diff cells invade beyond muscularis mucosa
what is the aetiology of cool rectal carcinoma
diet
genetics
what is the pathogenesis of cool rectal carcinoma
stepwise inc multiple gene defects
2 pathways
arise from adenomatous polyps
what are the two pathways assc with pahtogensssu of cool rectal carcinoma
classic adenoma carcinoma sequence
DNA mismatch repair deficiency
how does cool rectal carcinoma present
polypolidal or ulcerated mass
desmoplastic stroma
dirty necrosis
metastasis in head an neck
wha are the types of anal cancer
ganldular or squamous
what re the risk factors of anal cancer
HPV smoking immunosuppression chronic inflam age gender
what is ana cancer assc with
condyloma accuminatum
wat si pathogenesis of anal cancer
normal to dysplasia to carcinoma
what is gardener syndrome
autosomal dominant
1/3 spontaneous mutations on chromo 5
what is the presentation of garden syndrome
adenomatous polyposis osteomas of skull demoed tumours thyroid carcinoma dental abnormalities
what will grader syndrome dev to
colo rectal cancer
what is peutz- Jeghers syndrome
autosomal dominant
few sporadic cases
what age is peutz-Jegher syndrome prevalent
10-15 years
what is the pathogenesis of peutzJheger syndrome
assc with loss of functios
mutation of LBK1/STK11 geen
how does puetz-Jhegar syndrome present
hamartomatous polyps
intusseption
adenocarcinoma in GI and sytemically
what are the oral manifestations of peutz-Jhegar syndrome
dark blue/bown macule peri-orally, labile mucosa and tongue
what is pathogenesis of plummer vinson syndrome
nutritional factors (anaemia)
autoimmune
genetic
infection
how does plummer vision syndrome present
oes webs
oes rings
nail changes
brittle hair
what are some oral manifestations of plummer vinson syndrome
glossitis
angular hceilitis SCC
what is plumes vinson syndrome sec with
coeliac disease
pernicious anaemia
crohns
colo rectal tumours
what is cirrhosis
long term damage to liver = scarring fibrosis
whats the aetiology of cirrhosis
alcohol abuse NAFLD viral hepatitis autoimmune disease genetic diseases drugs
what si the aphtogenesis of cirrhosis
death heaptcytes
ECM depo
vasc reorg
how does cirrhosis present
non sp jaundice portal hypertension clotting dysfunction heptaocellular carcinoma
what are the oral mainfeatstations of cirrhosis
janudicedmucosa
prolonged bleeding
glossitis
impaired drug metab
