Acute Inflam 2 Flashcards
What do neurohohils do
Movement chemotaxis
Recog and adhesion of micoro orgas
Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of microorgs
What is opsonisation
Process of coating a particle to target it for phagocytosis
Most microorgs not recognise until coated in opsonins
What are some major opsonins
FC fragment- immunoglobin naturally occurring antibody
C3b - frag c3 gen by complement activation
Collectins - plamsa protiens which bind to microbial cell walls
What is phagocytosis
Complex process which phagocyte such as neurohohils and macrophages engulf and ingest micoorgs of other cells and forge in bodies
What are the 3 steps of phagocytosis
Recognition and attachment
Engulfment
Killing and degradation
What hallens after cells undergo phagocytosis
Apoptosis
The killing of an infectious agent can occur by 2 mechanisms
Oxygen delt - phagocytosis results in oxygen reduction which causes intracellular killing of microorgs
Oxygen indent - via action of substances in lucocyte granules such as lysosomes
What are the key prod in neutrophils and macrophages
Lysosomal enzymes
O derived active metabolites
Products of arachnoid acid metab including prostaglandins and leuktrienes
What do the lysosomal prods do
Activate coag factor 12 Attract other leukocytes Damage local tissues Increase vasc perm Pyrogens prod systemic fever
What dos acute inflam look like
Necrotising Seous Catarrhaul - mucus hypersecrtion Fibrinous Suppurative - prod pus Membranous
What is suppurations
Formation fo pus - neurohohils bac cellular debris
What is the causative stimulus for suppurating
Pyognic bac infective agent
What spis an ulcer
Local defect or excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by sloughing of inflam Necrotic tissue
Where are ulcers most commonly found
Mucosa of mouth GI tracts or Gu tract
Low limbs
What are the beneficial effects of acute inflam
Dilution of toxins - lymphatics
Entry of antibodies - die to increased vasc perm
Stim of immune RESP
Fibrin formation - impede move of microorgs
Delivery of nutirents p and oxygen aided by blood flow
Trans of drugs antibodies
What are some harmful effects of acute inflam
Digestion of normal tissues
Swelling
Inappropriate inflam repsonse
What are the systemic effects of acute inflam
Fever Constitutional weight loss Symptoms Reactive hyperplasia Haematological changes
What is the acute phase reaction
Sec of acute phase protiens by liver including c reactive protein and serum amyloid protein
These protiens may act as opsonins and bind to complement
Increased prod of glucocorticoids activating stress RESP
ENDOCRINE
What is the autonomic effects of acute phase reaction
Blood redirected from skin to deep vasc beds tonminimis e heat loss
Increased pulse and bp
Decreased sweat
What is the behaviours of acute phase reactions
Rigours shivering
Anorexia
Somnolence drowsiness
Malaise
Why are constitutional symptoms
Malaise anorexia and nausea
What hallens with weight loss due
to negative nitrogen balance peruuclarly when is extensive chornic inflam
What is reactive hyperplasia
Nodal enlargement caused by hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue and phagocyte cells lining sinuses
What haematological. Hangers that could take place
Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Anaemia
Lucocytosis - inc WBC
What happened to lymphatic channels in inflam
Become dilated as they drain away oedema fluid of inflam exudate