Acute Inflam 2

Question 1

What do neurohohils do

Answer 1

Movement chemotaxis
Recog and adhesion of micoro orgas
Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of microorgs

Question 2

What is opsonisation

Answer 2

Process of coating a particle to target it for phagocytosis

Most microorgs not recognise until coated in opsonins

Question 3

What are some major opsonins

Answer 3

FC fragment- immunoglobin naturally occurring antibody
C3b - frag c3 gen by complement activation
Collectins - plamsa protiens which bind to microbial cell walls

Question 4

What is phagocytosis

Answer 4

Complex process which phagocyte such as neurohohils and macrophages engulf and ingest micoorgs of other cells and forge in bodies

Question 5

What are the 3 steps of phagocytosis

Answer 5

Recognition and attachment
Engulfment
Killing and degradation

Question 6

What hallens after cells undergo phagocytosis

Answer 6

Apoptosis

Question 7

The killing of an infectious agent can occur by 2 mechanisms

Answer 7

Oxygen delt - phagocytosis results in oxygen reduction which causes intracellular killing of microorgs

Oxygen indent - via action of substances in lucocyte granules such as lysosomes

Question 8

What are the key prod in neutrophils and macrophages

Answer 8

Lysosomal enzymes
O derived active metabolites
Products of arachnoid acid metab including prostaglandins and leuktrienes

Question 9

What do the lysosomal prods do

Answer 9

Activate coag factor 12 
Attract other leukocytes 
Damage local tissues 
Increase vasc perm 
Pyrogens prod systemic fever

Question 10

What dos acute inflam look like

Answer 10

Necrotising 
Seous
Catarrhaul - mucus hypersecrtion 
Fibrinous 
Suppurative - prod pus 
Membranous

Question 11

What is suppurations

Answer 11

Formation fo pus - neurohohils bac cellular debris

Question 12

What is the causative stimulus for suppurating

Answer 12

Pyognic bac infective agent

Question 13

What spis an ulcer

Answer 13

Local defect or excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by sloughing of inflam Necrotic tissue

Question 14

Where are ulcers most commonly found

Answer 14

Mucosa of mouth GI tracts or Gu tract

Low limbs

Question 15

What are the beneficial effects of acute inflam

Answer 15

Dilution of toxins - lymphatics
Entry of antibodies - die to increased vasc perm
Stim of immune RESP
Fibrin formation - impede move of microorgs
Delivery of nutirents p and oxygen aided by blood flow
Trans of drugs antibodies

Question 16

What are some harmful effects of acute inflam

Answer 16

Digestion of normal tissues
Swelling
Inappropriate inflam repsonse

Question 17

What are the systemic effects of acute inflam

Answer 17

Fever 
Constitutional weight loss
Symptoms 
Reactive hyperplasia 
Haematological changes

Question 18

What is the acute phase reaction

Answer 18

Sec of acute phase protiens by liver including c reactive protein and serum amyloid protein
These protiens may act as opsonins and bind to complement
Increased prod of glucocorticoids activating stress RESP

ENDOCRINE

Question 19

What is the autonomic effects of acute phase reaction

Answer 19

Blood redirected from skin to deep vasc beds tonminimis e heat loss
Increased pulse and bp
Decreased sweat

Question 20

What is the behaviours of acute phase reactions

Answer 20

Rigours shivering
Anorexia
Somnolence drowsiness
Malaise

Question 21

Why are constitutional symptoms

Answer 21

Malaise anorexia and nausea

Question 22

What hallens with weight loss due

Answer 22

to negative nitrogen balance peruuclarly when is extensive chornic inflam

Question 23

What is reactive hyperplasia

Answer 23

Nodal enlargement caused by hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue and phagocyte cells lining sinuses

Question 24

What haematological. Hangers that could take place

Answer 24

Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Anaemia
Lucocytosis - inc WBC

Question 25

What happened to lymphatic channels in inflam

Answer 25

Become dilated as they drain away oedema fluid of inflam exudate