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Pathology > Disorders of Growth & Neoplasia > Flashcards

Disorders of Growth & Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

what si the size of the cell population determined by

A

rates of cell proliferation, diff and death by apoptosis

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2
Q

what is tissue homeostasis between

A

cell loss and cell division

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3
Q

cell numbers can be altered by increase or decrease rates of…..

A

stem cell input by cell death due to apoptosis/prolif/diff

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4
Q

what is the cll cycle controlled by

A

stimulators and inhibitors

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5
Q

what can growth result from in the cell cycle

A

shortening cell cycle time

recruit cells from rest or quiescent pops

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6
Q

the cell cycle stages

A

G1
S
G2
M

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7
Q

what is the principle task of cell div

A

replicate DNA and segregate the duplicated chromosomal DNA equally to two daughter cells

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8
Q

what causes the cell cycle initiation response

A

response to growth stimulation commitment and restriction in G1

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9
Q

terminally diff cells are not capable of

A

replicating

eg myocytes

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10
Q

where are cells diff normally quiescent and prolif when needed

A

liver/kidney

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11
Q

where are ells terminally diff, short lived and incapable of replicating but may be replaced by stem cells

A

epithelia of mouth
gut
skin

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12
Q

how is apoptosis controlled

A

inhibitors
inducers
molecular mediators and regulators

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13
Q

where is increased apoptosis seen

A

AIDS

neurodegen disorder

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14
Q

when is there a decreased apoptosis

A

neoplasia

auto immune disease

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15
Q

name some disorders of growth and neoplasia

A 
hypertrophy 
hyperplasia
atrophy
hypoplasia
metaplasia
dysplasia
neoplasia
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16
Q

what is hypertrophy

A

increase cell size
physiological and pathological
in muscle - skeletal and cardiac

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17
Q

what is hyperplasia

A

increase cell num
physic and patho
hormonally sensitive organs - endometrium,breast and thyroid

18
Q

what is hyperplasia like in th mouth

A

enlarge gingival tissues
repsond in epi and underly CT
causes - drugs and other

19
Q

what is atrophy

A

reduce cell size by loss cell substance
many cause
physic and patho

20
Q

what is thought to have an effect on atrophy

A

ageing

lack use and stimulation - mechanical and functional

21
Q

what is hypoplasia

A

reduced size of organ that never fully developed to normal size
development defect

22
Q

what is an example of hypoplasia

A

pulmonary hypoplaia

23
Q

what is a metaplasia

A

reversible change which adult cell type replaced by another adult cel type

24
Q

what can metaplasia be a response to

A

adaptive response to stress

25
Q

what does metaplasia do to stem cells

A

reprogram

26
Q

give some examples of sites where there is metaplasia

A

barretts oesophagus, cervix, bronchus
salivary ducts
mesenchymal tissues

27
Q

except for hypoplasa what are the rest of the disorders

A

potentially reversible

28
Q

what is dysplasia

A

disordered grwoth

29
Q

explain dysplasia features

A

pre-malignant process

squamous and glandular epi

30
Q

with dysplasia what are the alteration

A

architecture
maturation
differentiation

31
Q

what is the pre invasive disease

A

diff degree of dysplasia (mild, mod, severe)

progress to malignancy

32
Q

when is the dysplasia classified as malignant

A

increase nuclear size and into base mem

33
Q

what is neoplasia

A

new growth

abnormal mass persists excessive manner after cessation of stimuli that evoked change

34
Q

what does neoplasia result from

A

abberation of the normal mech that control cell number

cell prod and prolif

35
Q

what are most tumour

A

monoclonal - all cells in tumour arise form one parent cell produce progeny

36
Q

what are the two types of tumour

A

benign

malignant

37
Q

what is epidemiology

A

study of distribution of diseases in diff pops over time

38
Q

what is incidence

A

number of new case

39
Q

what is prevalence

A

number of existing cases

40
Q

what are some epidemiology linked to cancer

A 
age 
sex
culture
hobbies
geographical location 
family history 
medical history 
diet
smoking
41
Q

what are some major risk factors of oral cancer

A 
smoking 
alcohol
betel/areca nut 
immunosuppression
previous oral cancer
42
Q

what are some other risk factors of oral cancer

A 
oral lesion 
- leukoplakia 
diet
sun expo
unknown

Pathology (13 decks)

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