Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Science Biology > inheritance variatin > Flashcards

inheritance variatin Flashcards

1
Q

what is a gene

A

a section of DNA that codes for specific characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

a polynucleotide made up of pairs of bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chromosome

A

DNA that has been tightly wound into an individual structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nuclues

A

the place in the cell that contains the genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

haploid

A

half the genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

diploid

A

full set of genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

genome

A

all the genes on all of the chromosomes of an organism

includes all the genes that carry all the genetic information to making all the proteins needed by the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cf

A

excess mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

polydactyly

A

extra toes or fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hunntingtons

A

nerve cell in the brain degenarates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

embryo screening

A

genaral testing for disorders in a fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pre implantation genetics

A

only healthy embryos are placed into the uterus of the mother the others are discarded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

genotype

A

the alleles the person has

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

phenotype

A

the characteristics displayed by the alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dominant

A

stronger allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

recessive

A

weaker allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

homozygous

A

both alleles are the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

heterozygous

A

one dominant and one ressive allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

allele

A

an alternative copy of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

gametes

A

sex cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does sexual reproduction happen

A

the two gametes(egg and sperm) fertilize to create a zygote and then forms a embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how does asexual reproduction work

A

get genes from one parent cell where it splits to give identical genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how many chromosomes do humans have each

A

23 from mother and father

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

steps of meiosis

A

1) parent cell contains it’s genetic information
2) in the first division the chromosomes pair up in their matching pairs and cross over and line up along the center
3) the pairs split
4) two new cells are produced a new nucleus membrane forms
5) the chromosomes line up along the center of the cell
6) chromosomes split and go to opposite poles
7) 4 haploid cells are formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what does crossing over do
leads to genetic variation
26
number of daughter cells of meiosis
4
27
number of chromosomes in daughter cells
23
28
where does meiosis accure
sex organs
29
why is meiosis important
to produce sex cells
30
aims of the genome project
work out number of genes in a human improve DNA sequencing order of base pairs
31
why scientists carried out the genome
help understand disorders understand human evolution family trees repairing faulty genes
32
positives of screening
no genetic disorders better life stop disorders spreading to other family members
33
negatives of screening
multiple births potential miscarriage discomfort playing god
34
embryo screening for cf
embryos are tested to see if they contain the alleles for cf | only dominant embryos are kept
35
what allele do you need to inherit cf
by a recessive allele
36
what allele do you need to inherit polydactyle
dominant allele
37
what allele do you need for huntingtons
dominant allele
38
what do male gametes contain
X or Y
39
what gene decides on the sex
SRY triggers the human embryo to develop into a male or female
40
what is a species
a group of similar organisms that can reproduce to give fertile offspring
41
whats are mutations
changes to a sequence of bases in DNA
42
what is the phenotype
visible characteristics of an organism
43
what is the theory of evolution
all of today species have evolved from simple life forms that first started to develop hundreds of years ago
44
how evolution works
``` show wide variation in characteristics most suitable would survive reproduce and pass on genes organisms less adapted would die over time beneficial characteristics become common ```
45
factors that lead to extinction
environment changes predator disease event
46
what is selective breeding
humans artifically select the plants or animals that are goning to bread so that the gene for a particular characteristic remains
47
how selective breading works
select the right ones breed select best offspring continue over generations
48
Drawbacks of selective breading
reduces gene pool and interbreading can cause health problems as there is not much variation disease can kill most of the species
49
what is genetic engineering
transfer a gene responsible for a desirable characteristics from one organism to another
50
how genetic engineering works
gene is isolated using enzymes inserted inrto vector gene is inserted into cells
51
pros of GM
increase yeild contain the nutrients no problems
52
negs of GM
human health herbicide resistance effect other species
53
what are fossils
remains of organisms from many years ago
54
what is speciation
development of a new species when same species can not bread to produce fertile offspring
55
how speciation works
population shows genetic variation they are split by a barrier adapt to new environment individuals with better characteristics have better chance of survival alleles that control these characteristics are more likely to pass on soon the allels will be different and the species can not produce fertile offspring
56
what did alfred wallace help discover
speciation and natural selection
57
how do bacteria evolve
develop mutations in DNA lead to resistance as gene becomes common bacteria reproduce rapidly bacteria can survive even in a host and so it live longer there is no treatment
58
why are antibiotic resistant becoming common
overuse antibiotics rate of development is too slow
59
what is carl linnaeus classification
``` group living things according to their characteristics and the structure that makes them up kingdom phylum class order family genus species ```
60
what is the new classification
tree domain system ARCHAEA(prokaryotic cells in extreme places) BACTERIA EUKARYOTA(fungi, plants, animals)
61
how does animal naming work
two part Latin name first part genus second part species
62
What chromosomes do females have
2 X chromosomes
63
What is meiosis
1) duplicate genetic information by crossing over 2) chromosome pairs line up in the middle 3) pairs are pulled apart so each cell has one copie 4) chromosomes line up in middle and arms pull them apart 5) four gametes
64
How are proteins synthesised
1) template of dna made in nucleus 2) template attaches to ribosome 3) carrier molecules bring amino acids to template 4) carrier molecules return to cytoplasm 5) amino acids bond to template following instructions from dna 6) amino acids bond together and form proteins 7) protein detaches 8) folds to form enzyme
65
What are genes
A section of dna that codes for a sequence of amino acids
66
What is Lanark’s theory
Changes that an organism acquires during its lifetime will be passed on to its offspring
67
How embryo cloning works
Fertilise egg cell and embryo is then split | Embryos then implanted into many mothers
68
How adult cell cloning works
Unfertilised egg cell and removing from nucleus Nucleus removed from adult cell and inserted into empty cell Mild shock Implanted into womb
69
What do mutations do to the DNA sequence
Change the sequence of the dna bases in a gene and this can lead to changes in the protein
70
What are insertions
New base is inserted so changes the way the 3 bases are read
71
What are deletions
Random base is deleted
72
What are substitutions
Random base in the DNA sequence is changed

Science Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions