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Science Biology > hormones > Flashcards

hormones Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

hormones

A

are chemical molecules released directly into the blood stream
they control things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment

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2
Q

pituatury gland

A

produces hormones that regulate body conditions

act on other gland telling them when to release hormones

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3
Q

ovaries

A

produce oestrogen

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4
Q

thyroid

A

produces thyroxine which regulates metabolism

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5
Q

adrenal glands

A

produces adrenaline

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6
Q

the pancreas

A

produces insulin which is used to regulate the blood glucose level

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7
Q

testies

A

produce testosterone

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8
Q

Difference between nerves and hormones

A

N, fast action: short time : precise area

H, slower action: long time: general way

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9
Q

H

A

s

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10
Q

what happens when your glucose level is too high

A

pancreas sends insulin to the bloodstream

the liver then takes the glucose out and stores it as glycogen

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11
Q

what happens when your glucose level is low

A

pancreas sends the glucagon into the blood stream

the liver sends the glucose in the blood stream

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12
Q

Diabetes type 2 (causes)

A

not enough insulin is produced to maintain the blood glucose level
associated with obesity

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13
Q

symtoms of diabetes

A

increased thirst
blurred vision
extreme tiredness
wight loss

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14
Q

Diabetes type 1(causes)

A

body unable to produce insulin so there is no insulin to move out of the blood

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15
Q

Effects of adrenaline

A

heart beat and breathing increase
pupils dilate
senses heighten
blood is directed towards your large muscles

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16
Q

lh

A

triggers ovulation

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17
Q

fsh

A

matures the egg

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18
Q

oestrogen

A

causes the development of the lining of the uterus

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19
Q

progesterone

A

maintains the lining of the uterus

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20
Q

the menstrual cycle

A

1) pituitary gland produces fsh day 7 and incourages the egg to mature
2) the mature egg from the ovaries imit oestrogen
3) on day 14 the oestrogen signals to the gland to produce lh which triggers ovulation
4) 7 days later the sperm has 24 hours to fertilize while this happens progesterone maintains the womb lining

21
Q

implant dis/ads

A

works for three years, 99% effective

requires a procedure

22
Q

combined pill dis/ads

A

often reduces bleeding, may help with pre menstrual symptoms

could miss pill, vomiting

23
Q

vagianl ring dis/ads

A

lasts 3 weeks

must be comfortable

24
Q

condom dis/ads

A

best sti protection

may slip off, could be wrong shape

25
Q

diaphragm

A

can be put in at any time

right shape, add extra spermicide

26
Q

interauterine device dis/ads

A

stays for 5-10 years

period may be heavier

27
Q

process of ivf

A

1) given fsh
2) uses a needle to collect eggs
3) eggs are combined with sperm
4) are implanted back
5) grow into fetus

28
Q

what is adreniline

A

hormone released by adrenal glands

29
Q

what is thyroxine and what does it do

A

hormone released by the thyroid gland

regulates the metabolism rate

30
Q

what stimulates thyroxine

A

tsh thyroid stimulating hormones

31
Q

what happens when throxine is too high

A

receptors in hypothalamus detect increase
pituitary gland inhibits tsh

opposite of too low

32
Q

function of the kidneys

A

make urea by taking waste products
substances filtered out of the blood as it passes the kidneys
useful substances are absorbed back into blood

33
Q

what 3 three things does the kidney filter

A

water, ions and urea

34
Q

what is ADH

A

regulates water and is released by pituitary gland

35
Q

how does the kidney control water amount

A

ADH binds to the collecting duct and changes the permeability

36
Q

what is kidney faliure

A

waste products build up

37
Q

how does dialysis work

A

blood flows between partially permeable membrane surrounded by dialysis fluid

the fluid has the same concentration of ions and glucose so useful ions and glucose are not lost

only waste products diffuse across

the blood it thinned to stop clots

38
Q

negatives of dialysis

A

clots
valuable time
3-4 hours

39
Q

positives of kidney transplant

A

cheaper

40
Q

negativies of kidney transplant

A

rejected by immune system

41
Q

what is Auxin

A

hormone that controlls growth near the tips and roots of a plant in response to light and gravity

extra Auxin promotes growth in shoots but not roots

42
Q

why do shoots grow towards light

A

when exposed to light, more Auxin in shade

shaded side elongates faster so bends towards light

43
Q

why do shoots grow away from gravity

A

gravity pulls Auxin on to lower side causing the lower to elongate faster bending upwards

44
Q

why do roots grow towards gravity

A

more Auxin on lower but this extra Auxin stops growth so the top elongates faster bending downwards

45
Q

what does ethene do to plants

A

stimulates enzymes that cause ripening

46
Q

what does Gibberellin stimulate

A

plant stems to grow

47
Q

how does Gibberellin controll dormancy, flowering and growing larger fruit

A

g

48
Q

what uses do Auxin have

A

killing weeds with broad leaves
being used in rooting powder to grow from cuttings
added to tissue cuttings

Science Biology (9 decks)

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