inheritance

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

a length of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 2

alleles

Answer 2

alternative versions of a gene. A section of DNA that codes for a particular protein

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

thread-like structures in which DNA is coiled and packed

Question 4

what do genes and alleles provide?

Answer 4

variation in populations

Question 5

What structure does DNA have?

Answer 5

Double helix structure

Question 6

genetic code

Answer 6

the sequence of bases in a gene

Question 7

What does the genetic code determine?

Answer 7

The order in which amino acids are joined together to make a specific protein

Question 8

Where does protein synthesis occur?

Answer 8

In the ribosomes

Question 9

messengerRNA (mRNA)

Answer 9

a type of genetic material that carries genetic information from the nucleus to ribosomes to make protein

Question 10

stages in protein synthesis (4)

Answer 10

1. A DNA molecule in the nucleus unzips, exposing the bases in a gene.
2. An mRNA molecule is formed using the exposed bases of the DNA strand as a template. The bases in the mRNA molecule pair with the complementary bases in the DNA, so the mRNA molecule carries a copy of the gene.
3. The mRNA molecule moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
4. A ribosome reads the mRNA code and joins amino acids together to form a protein, following the specific sequence of bases in the mRNA

Question 11

mitosis

Answer 11

type of nuclear division that gives rise to genetically identical cells

Question 12

What is mitosis responsible for and involved in?

Answer 12

responsible for the repair of damaged tissues and the replacement of cells involved in asexual reproduction

Question 13

What must occur before mitosis?

Answer 13

DNA duplication so that there is enough DNA for each new cell

Question 14

Mitosis produces

Answer 14

diploid cells

Question 15

Meiosis

Answer 15

type of nuclear division that gives rise to genetically different cells

Question 16

Meiosis produces

Answer 16

haploid cells

Question 17

what is meiosis involved in?

Answer 17

involved in the production of gametes

Question 18

Meiosis is involved in what type of reproduction?

Answer 18

Sexual reproduction

Question 19

In meiosis, the number of chromosomes is…

Answer 19

halved

Question 20

In meiosis a diploid cell becomes

Answer 20

four haploid cells

Question 21

homozygous

Answer 21

two identical alleles

Question 22

heterozygous

Answer 22

two different alleles

Question 23

phenotype

Answer 23

observable features of an organism

Question 24

genotype

Answer 24

all the alleles present in that organism

Question 25

pure-breeding

Answer 25

two identical homozygous individuals breed together

Question 26

dominant allele

Answer 26

always expressed if it is present

Question 27

recessive allele

Answer 27

only expressed if the dominant allele is not present

Question 28

test cross

Answer 28

a cross with a homozygous recessive individual, used to determine the genotype of an individual showing the dominant trait
involves breeding an individual with a phenotype from a recessive allele with the individual with the unknown genotype

Question 29

co-dominance

Answer 29

when two different alleles for a characteristic influence the phenotype to the same extent