gas exchange in humans

Question 1

path of air for gas exchange

Answer 1

Nose/mouth -> larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli

Question 2

Alveoli

Answer 2

place where gas exchange takes place. Alveoli provide a large surface area to volume ratio so that gas exchange is more efficient

Question 3

gas exchange surfaces must;

Answer 3

• Have a large surface area
  
  • Be thin
  • Have a good blood supply
  • Have good ventilation with air

Question 4

trachea

Answer 4

• airway connected to mouth and nose
  
  • Contains rings called cartilage
    
    • Supports the airway and help keep it open

Question 5

when you breath in:

Answer 5

• Volume of thorax increases
• Pressure inside decreases
• Air is pushed into the lungs

Question 6

when you breath out:

Answer 6

• Volume of thorax decreases
• Pressure increases
• Air is pushed out of the lungs

Question 7

breathing in (structures)

Answer 7

• diaphragm contracts
• internal intercostal muscles relax
• external intercostal muscles contract
• ribcage moves upwards and outwards

Question 8

breathing out (structures)

Answer 8

• diaphragm relaxes
• internal intercostal muscles contract
• external intercostal muscles relax
• ribcage moves upwards and outwards

Question 9

goblet cells

Answer 9

• Produce sticky mucus
  
  • Found in the lining of the membrane
  • Mucus secreted by goblet cells lines the inside of the trachea - trapping pathogens in inspired air

Question 10

ciliated cells

Answer 10

• Line the surfaces of: the nose, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
  
  • Contain very thin, hair-like structures on the surface called cilia
  • Movements of the cilia sweep mucus out of the breathing system to the throat, carrying away any tapped pathogens from the breathing system