Inhearatence Flashcards
What were the aims of the Human Genome Project
- To improve DNA sequencing techniques
- To work out the order of base pairs in the human DNA
- To work out the number of genes in a human
What proportion of chromosomes do you inherit from you mother and father
23 from each
What are chromosomes made up of
Long molecules of a chemical known as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
What does each gene code
Codes for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein, like enzymes which control your cell chemistry
What is a genome
The genome of an organism is the entire genetic material of the organism, including: chromosomes, and the genetic material found in the mitochondria.
Why does Genome matter
Helps us understand inherited disorders such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease.
This can allow us to overcome them which correct medicines or by repairing faulty genes
What is DNA
DNA, found in the nucleus of a cell, is a polymer made up of two strands of deoxyribonucleic forming a double helix
Human characteristics controlled by single genes
Red-green colour blindness
Alleles
Different forms of genes sometimes called variants
Each allele codes for a different protein
The combinations of alleles you inherit determines your characteristics
Homozygote
An individual with two identical alleles for a characteristic. Fir example, BB or bb
Heterozygote
An individual with different alleles for a characteristic, for example, Bb
Genotype
This describes the alleles present of genetic makeup of an individual regarding a particular characteristic, for example, Bb or bb
Phenotype
This describes the physical appearance of an individual regarding a particular characteristic, for example, black fur or brown fur in a mouse.
Dominant allele
A capital letter which if included means it will be a present characteristic
Some alleles are expressed in the phenotype even when there are only present in one of the chromosomes
Recessive phenotypes
The characteristic is only inherited if there are two recessive alleles like, bb.
Present in both chromosomes
