B 14 Genetics And Evolution

Question 1

What is a Fossil

Answer 1

Fossils are the remains of organisms from millions of years ago that can be found in rocks, ice and other places.

Question 2

How are fossils formed

Answer 2

Fossils are formed as a result of absence of decay, hard parts being replaced by minerals as they decay and preserved traces of organisms.

Question 3

Incomplete fossil record

Answer 3

Many early organisms were soft bodied (left little fossil trace) also geological processes.

A lot did not become fossilised

Not been found

Question 4

Statements for fossilisation

Answer 4

An organism dies.

It get buried under rock or in mud.

This prevents exposure to oxygen.

The organism does not decay.

Minerals replace the hard parts of the organism

This process creates a fossil

Question 5

Using the fossil record

Answer 5

Some fossil records are complete like the horse. This can show us how the organism has changed and developed over time. They can reconstruct ecology.

Fossils also show how animals have not changed much over time (sharks)

Question 6

How may extinction occur

Answer 6

New predators, new deseases or new, more successful competitors

Question 7

Extinction

Answer 7

Is the permanent loss of all the members of a species

Question 8

What happens when conditions change

Answer 8

When conditions change, organisms that are better suited to survive the new conditions evolve. However older species that cannot cope with the changes gradually die out as they are not able to compete for food very well and other resources.

Question 9

Natural selection

Answer 9

When there is variation exists between populations of organisms, the ones better suited to the environment are able to survive and reproduce, thus passing down their trates.

Question 10

Extinction on a large scale

Answer 10

Evidence suggests this could happen as a result of a catastrophic event. (Volcanic eruption)

Question 11

What destroyed the dinosaurs

Answer 11

65 million years ago. Giant astroid collided with the earth.

Question 12

How to prevent resistant strains of bacteria

Answer 12

Do not overuse antibiotics

Patients need to finish their course of medicine every time (make sure all the bacteria is killed)

Question 13

Classification

Answer 13

Is the organisation of living things into groups according to their similarities.

Question 14

Human being scientific names

Answer 14

Homo sapiens

Question 15

Domestic cat

Answer 15

Felis domesticus

Question 16

Blackthorn

Answer 16

Prunus spinosa

Question 17

Malarial parasite

Answer 17

Plasmodium falciparum

Question 18

Archaea

Answer 18

Primitive forms of bacteria that include extremophiles

Question 19

Bacteria

Answer 19

These are the true bacteria (eubacteria) and the cyanobacteria

Question 20

Eukaryota

Answer 20

These organisms all have cells that contain a nucleus enclosing genetic material.

Question 21

Evolutionary trees

Answer 21

These show how organisms may be related.