Hormones Flashcards
Hormone
A hormone is a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried by the blood, which alters the activity of specific target organs (and is then destroyed by the liver).
Hormones effects on the body
Hormones have their effects on the body by their interaction with DNA and the process of protein synthesis.
Testes
Controls the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics and is involved in the production of sperm
Ovaries
Controls the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics and is involved in the menstrual cycle
Insulin
A hormone produced by your pancreas to lower you blood sugar levels. (Is produced after a meal)
Insulin allows glucose to move from your blood into your cells where it is used
Glucagon
When you blood sugar levels fall below range, the pancreas releases a different hormone called glucagon which makes your liver break down glycogen, turning it into glucose.
Glucagon released: glycogen broken down into glucose
Amino acids/fats broken down
Diabetes type 1
Younger individuals normally get it and when the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
Treatments: pancreas transplant, transplanting pancreatic cells, production of insulin secreting cells.
Need to be careful of carbohydrate consumption.
Diabetes type 2
Linked to obesity and old age
Treated by eating a balanced diet, loosing weight, regular exercise.