Ingumentary System - Nails Flashcards
Nails act as a protective cover for . . .
Distal, dorsal surface of fingers and toes
Nails consist of . . .
Free edge
Nail plate
Root
Nail bed is . . .
Epidermis underneath keratinized nail plate
nail matrix:
Thickened portion of bed responsible for nail growth
Nail folds:
Skin folds that overlap border of nail
Eponychium (also called cuticle):
Nail fold that projects onto surface of nail body
Hyponychium:
Area under free edge of plate that accumulates dirt
Nails normally appear ____ because of ___________________
Pink
Underlying capillaries
Lumule:
Thickened nail matrix, appears white
Yellow-tinged may indicate . . .
Respiratory or thyroid gland disorder
Thickened yellow nails can be due to . . .
Fungal infection of nail
Koilonchya also called spoon nail is . . .
An outward con cavity of nail may signal iron deficiency
Beau’s lines are . . .
Horizontal lines across nails may indicate severe illnesses such as uncontrolled diabetes, heart attack or cancer chemotherapy
Sweat glands are also called . . .
Sudoriferous glands
All skin surfaces except _______ and parts of _______________ contain sweat glands
Nipples
External genitalia
About _______________ sweat glands per person
3 million
Two main types of sweat glands:
Eccrine
Apocrine
Sweat glands contain ____________ cells
Myoepithelial
Eccrine sweat glands are . . .
Most numerous type
Eccrine sweat glands are abundant on . . .
Palms, soles, and foreheads
Eccrine sweat gland ducts connect to _________
Pores
Eccrine sweat glands function in ____________ and are regulated by ____________________________ .
Thermoregulation
Sympathetic nervous system
Eccrine sweat glands secretion is ___________ . It is 99% . . .
Sweat
Water, salts, vitamin C, antibodies, dermcidin, metabolic wastes
Apocrine sweat glands are confined to __________ and __________ areas
Axillary and anogenital
Apocrine sweat glands secrete . . . That contains . . .
Viscous milky or yellowish sweat
Fatty substances and proteins
________ break down sweat, leading to ____________
Bacteria
Body odor
Apocrine sweat glands are ______ than eccrine sweat glands with ducts emptying into ______________ .
Larger
Hair follicles
Apocrine sweat glands begin functioning at _______ .
Puberty
Apocrine sweat glands function is _______ but may act as ____________________ .
Unknown
Sexual scent gland
Modified apocrine glands are :
Ceruminous glands
Mammary glands
Ceruminous glands:
Lining of external ear canal; secrete Cerumen (earwax)
Mammary glands:
Secrete milk
Sebaceous oil glands are ______ distributed except for ____ skin of ______ and _______ .
Widely
Thick
Palms & soles
Most sebaceous glands develop from _________ and secrete into ________
Hair follicles
Hair follicles
Sebaceous glands are relatively ________ until puberty. They are stimulated by _______, especially __________ .
Inactive
Hormones
Androgens
Sebaceous gland secrete _______ . Softens _____ and ______ .
Sebum
Hair and skin
Acne is usually an infectious inflammation of the ____________, resulting in ______ .
Sebaceous glands
Pimples
___________ are blocked sebaceous glands
Whiteheads
If secretion is oxidized, whiteheads become a __________ .
Blackhead
Overactive sebaceous glands in infants can lead to ________ known as __________ .
Seborrhea
Cradle cap
Which of the following types of sweat gland secretion is thought to deter insects?
a) Eccrine
b) Apocrine
c) Ceruminous
d) Mammary
c) Ceruminous
The most important role of the eccrine sweat gland is _________.
A. milk production
B. stress-induced sweating
C. body temperature regulation
D. earwax production
C. body temperature regulation
One critical function of sebum, in addition
to roles in waterproofing and skin softening,
is that it provides protection against
____________.
a) overexposure to the sun
b) Overheating
c) harmful bacteria
d) abrasions or cuts to the skin
c) harmful bacteria
