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DPT 503 > Ingumentary System - Nails > Flashcards

Ingumentary System - Nails Flashcards

1
Q

Nails act as a protective cover for . . .

A

Distal, dorsal surface of fingers and toes

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2
Q

Nails consist of . . .

A

Free edge
Nail plate
Root

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3
Q

Nail bed is . . .

A

Epidermis underneath keratinized nail plate

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4
Q

nail matrix:

A

Thickened portion of bed responsible for nail growth

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5
Q

Nail folds:

A

Skin folds that overlap border of nail

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6
Q

Eponychium (also called cuticle):

A

Nail fold that projects onto surface of nail body

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7
Q

Hyponychium:

A

Area under free edge of plate that accumulates dirt

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8
Q

Nails normally appear ____ because of ___________________

A

Pink
Underlying capillaries

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9
Q

Lumule:

A

Thickened nail matrix, appears white

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10
Q

Yellow-tinged may indicate . . .

A

Respiratory or thyroid gland disorder

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11
Q

Thickened yellow nails can be due to . . .

A

Fungal infection of nail

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12
Q

Koilonchya also called spoon nail is . . .

A

An outward con cavity of nail may signal iron deficiency

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13
Q

Beau’s lines are . . .

A

Horizontal lines across nails may indicate severe illnesses such as uncontrolled diabetes, heart attack or cancer chemotherapy

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14
Q

Sweat glands are also called . . .

A

Sudoriferous glands

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15
Q

All skin surfaces except _______ and parts of _______________ contain sweat glands

A

Nipples
External genitalia

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16
Q

About _______________ sweat glands per person

A

3 million

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17
Q

Two main types of sweat glands:

A

Eccrine
Apocrine

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18
Q

Sweat glands contain ____________ cells

A

Myoepithelial

19
Q

Eccrine sweat glands are . . .

A

Most numerous type

20
Q

Eccrine sweat glands are abundant on . . .

A

Palms, soles, and foreheads

21
Q

Eccrine sweat gland ducts connect to _________

A

Pores

22
Q

Eccrine sweat glands function in ____________ and are regulated by ____________________________ .

A

Thermoregulation
Sympathetic nervous system

23
Q

Eccrine sweat glands secretion is ___________ . It is 99% . . .

A

Sweat
Water, salts, vitamin C, antibodies, dermcidin, metabolic wastes

24
Q

Apocrine sweat glands are confined to __________ and __________ areas

A

Axillary and anogenital

25
Q

Apocrine sweat glands secrete . . . That contains . . .

A

Viscous milky or yellowish sweat
Fatty substances and proteins

26
Q

________ break down sweat, leading to ____________

A

Bacteria
Body odor

27
Q

Apocrine sweat glands are ______ than eccrine sweat glands with ducts emptying into ______________ .

A

Larger
Hair follicles

28
Q

Apocrine sweat glands begin functioning at _______ .

A

Puberty

29
Q

Apocrine sweat glands function is _______ but may act as ____________________ .

A

Unknown
Sexual scent gland

30
Q

Modified apocrine glands are :

A

Ceruminous glands
Mammary glands

31
Q

Ceruminous glands:

A

Lining of external ear canal; secrete Cerumen (earwax)

32
Q

Mammary glands:

A

Secrete milk

33
Q

Sebaceous oil glands are ______ distributed except for ____ skin of ______ and _______ .

A

Widely
Thick
Palms & soles

34
Q

Most sebaceous glands develop from _________ and secrete into ________

A

Hair follicles
Hair follicles

35
Q

Sebaceous glands are relatively ________ until puberty. They are stimulated by _______, especially __________ .

A

Inactive
Hormones
Androgens

36
Q

Sebaceous gland secrete _______ . Softens _____ and ______ .

A

Sebum
Hair and skin

37
Q

Acne is usually an infectious inflammation of the ____________, resulting in ______ .

A

Sebaceous glands
Pimples

38
Q

___________ are blocked sebaceous glands

A

Whiteheads

39
Q

If secretion is oxidized, whiteheads become a __________ .

A

Blackhead

40
Q

Overactive sebaceous glands in infants can lead to ________ known as __________ .

A

Seborrhea
Cradle cap

41
Q

Which of the following types of sweat gland secretion is thought to deter insects?

a) Eccrine
b) Apocrine
c) Ceruminous
d) Mammary

A

c) Ceruminous

42
Q

The most important role of the eccrine sweat gland is _________.

A. milk production
B. stress-induced sweating
C. body temperature regulation
D. earwax production

A

C. body temperature regulation

43
Q

One critical function of sebum, in addition
to roles in waterproofing and skin softening,
is that it provides protection against
____________.

a) overexposure to the sun
b) Overheating
c) harmful bacteria
d) abrasions or cuts to the skin

A

c) harmful bacteria

DPT 503 (14 decks)

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