Inguinal Flashcards
Explain lymphatic drainage of thoracic and abdominal cages?
Above belly button (or transumbilical plane) goes up towards axillary lymph nodes and below belly button goes down to inguinal lymph nodes; eventually draining into the femoral or axillary nodes/vessels
The openings at each end of the inguinal canal are the ____ and _____ inguinal rings?
Deep and superficial; openings in abdominal wall; testes MUST pass through both
The genital ligament forms from? Attaches to?
Forms from mesenchyme and attaches to the inferior margin of the testes
What is the gubernaculum?
A tract that attaches from the testes all the way down to the scrotum, guide for descent of testes (or for the ovaries in females)
What is the processus vaginalis?
An evagination of coelom in the peritoneal cavity that penetrates the abdominal wall running through the inguinal canal. It is adjacent to the genital ligament into the presumptive scrotal or labial fold, bringing with it layers of the abdominal wall
Do the ovaries also develop on posterior wall of abdomen like the testes? Difference?
Yes. Difference is, is that their gubernaculum STOPS at midpoint and attaches to uterus which helps maintain the ovary in pelvic cavity (this also makes it more favorable for female system)
In females, what ligament was once the gubernaculum?
cranial portion= Ovarian ligament
caudal portion= round ligament of the uterus passes through inguinal canal but ovary stays in pelvis
When does the testes descend through inguinal canal?
7th month in utero
How do the testes descend the inguinal canal? In relation to processus vaginalis?
Descend retroperitoneally; posterior to processus vaginalis
What are the two main causes that finally push the testes through inguinal canal?
Combination of regression of the male genital tract and an increase in intraabdominal pressure
In the scrotum, the processes vaginalis nearly surrounds the testes forming?
Forming the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis
What is cryptorchidism?
This is when the testes do not make it all the way down into the scrotum during utero development; typically fonud in inguinal canal but can be ectopic and found anywhere
What is the opening to the inguinal canal?
What is the exit from the inguinal canal?
Opening= deep inguinal ring exit= superficial inguinal ring
What is the male version of female round ligament?
What is the vas deferens?
Spermatic cord
tube that carries sperm to testes
The inguinal ligament spans from what to bony landmarks?
ASIS and pubic tubercle
For both males and females, what nerve is found in inguinal canal? This nerve branches from? Does what?
Ilioinguinal nerve. Branch of L1. Supplies sensation to the scrotum and labia majora
What are “all the layers” the testes must pass through?
External oblique, internal oblique, and transversus
Do any of the muscles contribute to the inguinal canal?
No! they are too lateral; but the aporneurosis and fascia will
What is the first or deepest muscle for the inguinal canal?
Transverses, you can see the deep ring
External oblique aponeurosis contributes to what part of inguinal canal?
Inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament, major contributor to superficial ring
Internal oblique aponeurosis contributes to what part of inguinal canal?
Conjoint tendon
Transversus aponeurosis contributes to what part of inguinal canal?
Conjoint tendon
Transversalis fascia contributes to what part of inguinal canal?
Iliopubic tract, deep inguinal ring
Spermatic cord emerges out of?
Superficial ring
What is the conjoint tendon?
Deep to superficial ring, made up mainly of internal oblique
What is the cremaster muscle?
Formed from muscle fibers from internal oblique, it pulls the testes back towards abdominal cavity when it is cold and the sperm needs protection
Internal obliques contribute muscle fibers to?
Spermatic cord, that forms cremaster muscle
What forms the Hesselbach’s triangle?
Inferior epigastric vessels, lateral border of rectus abdominus muscles, and iliopubic tract ligament
What type of hernia forms in Hesselbach’s triangle?
Direct inguinal hernias
