ANS

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS) vs. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 1

CNS=Brain and spinal cord; integrative and control centers

PNS=Cranial nerves and spinal nerves; communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body

Question 2

What type of information leaves the PNS?

Answer 2

motor via efferent fibers

Question 3

Afferent fibers carry?

Answer 3

Sensory; to PNS and then to CNS

Question 4

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 4

Visceral motor (involuntary) and conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands; NO cognitive thought

Question 5

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Answer 5

Somatic motor (voluntary) and conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles; cognitive thought

Question 6

What is another name for parasympathetic?

Answer 6

“rest and digest” and “feed and breed” OR craniosacral

Question 7

What is another name for sympathetic?

Answer 7

“fight or flight” OR thoracolumbar

Question 8

Ventral/anterior horns= ______ neurons

Dorsal/posterior horns= ______ neurons

Answer 8

Ventral/anterior horns= MOTOR neurons

Dorsal/posterior horns= SENSORY neurons

Question 9

The anatomical, physiologic and pharmacologic distinction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions is based primarily on?

Answer 9

1) The neurotransmitters by which each set of postsynaptic neuron elicits its effect
2) The location of the presynaptic cell bodies
3) The location of the ganglia in which the pre- and post- synaptic neurons synapse
4) The types and location of “end” organs affected by each division
5) The effects they produce on “end” organs

Question 10

Somatic nervous system consists of how many multipolar neurons? ONLY innervates what muscle?

Answer 10

1; skeletal

Question 11

Cell bodies in the SNS are located in the?

Answer 11

gray matter of ventral horns

Question 12

SNS stimulates ________ and _________ movement?

Answer 12

voluntary and reflexive

Question 13

Why do we have a multiple synapses in autonomic, opposed to only one in somatic?

Answer 13

Because different neurotransmitters can cause different responses. So with multiple nuero-pathways allows for multiple activities

Question 14

The cell body in the ANS is found?

Answer 14

Within the ganglia, has one cell

Question 15

ANS innervates? how many neurons does ANS have?

Answer 15

Smooth involuntary muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular/secretory cells; 2 neurons

Question 16

In ANS, pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neuron means?

Answer 16

Pre-synaptic neuron means?
First neuron in chain where their cell body is within the CNS
Post-synaptic neuron means?
Neuron cell body resides within ganglion, then projects its axon out to its target organ

Question 17

All pre-synaptic sympathetic neurons employ ________ as the neurotransmitter

Answer 17

acetylcholine (ACl)

Question 18

MOST post-synaptic sympathetic nerons employ _____________ as the neurotransmitter?

Answer 18

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 19

What is the exception for post-synaptic sympathetic neurons neurotransmitters?

Answer 19

The ones acting on sweat glands use ACh again INSTEAD of norepinephrine

Question 20

Where is the ganglia location for sympathetic pre-synaptic neuron?

Answer 20

MIDLINE; adjacent to, or immediately anterior to the vertebral column

Question 21

All cell bodies of the sympathetic pre-synaptic neuron reside within _________ vertebra?

Answer 21

T1-L3

Question 22

What is IML?

Answer 22

Intermediolateral cell column arranged somatotopically; From T1-L2/3, Bundle of cell bodies residing in gray matter in lateral horns (b/w dorsal and ventral horns on far side of vertebra)

Question 23

Sympathetic innervates both ______ and _____ structures? Descirbe them

Answer 23

Visceral and parietal
P=skin, galnds, vessles
V= organs

Question 24

Head/Upper limb thoracic viscera, Body wall and abdominal viscera, Lower Limb and pelvic viscera is found where in IML?

Answer 24

Head/Upper=T1-T6
Body wall= T7-T11
Lower limb/pelvic= T12-L2/3

Question 25

What is foregut, midgut, and hindgut?

Answer 25

Foregut= thoracic viscera, midgut= abdominal viscera, hindgut= pelvic viscera

Question 26

All presynaptic sympathetic neurons follow the same course, what is it?

Answer 26

Cell body resides in presynaptic neuron in lateral horn, anterior (motor) root of spinal nerve, mixed spinal nerve, autonomic (paravertebral) ganglion, white ramus communicans, anterior ramus of spinal nerve

Question 27

How many ganglia are found in the neck? Names?

Answer 27

3; Superior, middle, and inferior cervical gangliaon

Question 28

All _______ fibers heading to the head and neck synapse in one of 3 cervical ganglia?

Answer 28

symphathetic

Question 29

What cervical ganglia is known as the stellate ganglion?

Answer 29

inferior

Question 30

white ramus communicans is myelinated or not?

Answer 30

mylinated