abdominal contents Flashcards
What is the livers attachment to the stomach known as?
lesser omentum
What is the livers anterior attachment called?
Falciform ligament; connects liver anterior abdominal wall attachment
When the midgut rotates, the proximal colon crosses?
In front of the duodenum and ends up on top of duodenum
What direction does the small intestine move during development?
left side of body
What is super special about falciform ligament?
It is found in both fetal development AND the adult AND functional
What direction does the cecum and proximal colon move?
To the right side of the body
What happens to the dorsal mesogastrium in fetal development? It makes what?
It folds itself and hangs over the transverse colon as the greater omentum
Explain the movement of GI tract in development
1) Foregut rotates to the right (this is how the spleen in the dorsal mesentary gets moved to the left and the liver in the ventral mesentary goes right)
2) Liver grows rapidly and press against right side of cavity. Its attachment to stomach is lesser omentum and its attachment anteriorly is falciform ligament
3) Midgut also rotates, the proximal colon (or transverse/large GI) crosses in front of the duodenum
4) More midgut rotation with small intestine moving to the left; cecum and proximal colon moving to the right
5) Dorsal mesogastrium folds itself over and hangs over the transverse colon as the greater omentum
Lesser and greater omentum connect to the stomach where?
Lesser= lesser curvature ; greater= greater curvature
Lesser and greater omentum extend from what to what?
Lesser= stomach to liver; greater= stomach down over the intestines anteriorly
What is intestinal malrotation or volvulus?
Remember the correct rotation has the duodenum moving posterior transverse colon and this rotation goes wrong. Volvulus can be created which causes damage to tissue
What is “I ate 10 eggs at 12” refer to?
“I ate”= inferior vena cava has an aperture at T8; “10 eggs”= esophagus at T10; “at 12”= aorta at T12
Location of esophagus? What nerve accompanies it?
Posterior to trachea, crosses diaphragm at T10, empties into stomach with vegas nerve to innervate abdominal cavity
What is rugae?
Folds found on inside of stomach that allow for distortion, gives more surface area for digestion
Where is the fundus, cardia, body; and pylorus of the stomach?
Cardia= opening into stomach from esophagus; fundus= superior bulge; pylorus= opening from stomach into duodenum aka first part of SI; body= main mass of stomach
Duodenum is derived from?
BOTH foregut and midgut; just the 1st aka superior part is the foregut-derived
How many lobes does the liver have? Location? what is largest lobe?
4; right (largest), left, caudate, caudate and quadrate
- Caudate= More posterior next to inferior vena cava, superior location
- Quadrate= More anterior next to the gallbladder, inferior
What are the two ligaments you can see on anterior liver?
Ligamentum teres (remnant of umbilical vein in fetal development for circulation; NON-functional) and faliciform (liver to anterior wall; FUNCTIONAL)
Where is the gallbladder?
Located posterior the right lobe of liver, tucked between the right lobe and quadrate lobe
Both the liver and gallbladder are important for?
Synthesizing and storing bile to digest fat, so you’ll see bile ducts
What makes insulin? located where
pancreas, retroperitoneal aka behind peritoneum
explain pathway of bile ducts
1) L and R hepatic ducts from liver form common hepatic duct
2) cystic duct from gallbladder and common heptatic duct form the common bile duct
3) the common bile duct from gallbladder/liver join the pancreatic ducts to form heptaopancreatic ducts
4) hepatopancreatic ducts drain into major duodenal papilla (Drains from the head of the pancreas that is nuzzled into duodeum)
What are the 3 sections of the pancreas?
1) Tail= tickles the spleen
2) Head= nuzzled into duodenum
3) Body= bulk of mass
Where is the spleen located?
Left of the stomach, so way left of abdominal cavity
What parts of the duodenum are made by the midgut?
Parts 2-4 (part 1 made from foregut)
The ilium leads into? What is the junction called?
Large intestine at a junction named ileocecal valve
Order of small intestine from most proximal to distal? And large?
SI = Duodenum, jejunum, ilium; LI= cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon, superior anal canal
Where is the cecum? What is housed in the cecum?
It’s a small pouch in the LI closest to the ileocecal valve that housed the appendix
Where does the midgut end and hindgut start?
Midgut is 2/3 of LI, and hindgut is 1/3 of LI (basically right before hindgut)
What is taeniae coli?
are three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons. They are visible and can be seen just below the serosa or fibrosa
what are haustra?
(singular haustrum) of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation (sac formation), which give the colon its segmented appearance
The superior anal canal is derived from?
The hindgut, the inferior is in a different way
Internal anal sphincter verses external
internal= Smooth muscle, no control external= Skeletal muscle, HAVE control
examples of intraperitoneal viscera OF HINDGUT?
Jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon and sigmoid colon
examples of retroperitoneal viscera OF HINDGUT?
Ascending colon, descending colon
examples of subperitoneal viscera OF HINDGUT?
Distal rectum and anal canal
