abdominal contents

Question 1

What is the livers attachment to the stomach known as?

Answer 1

lesser omentum

Question 2

What is the livers anterior attachment called?

Answer 2

Falciform ligament; connects liver anterior abdominal wall attachment

Question 3

When the midgut rotates, the proximal colon crosses?

Answer 3

In front of the duodenum and ends up on top of duodenum

Question 4

What direction does the small intestine move during development?

Answer 4

left side of body

Question 5

What is super special about falciform ligament?

Answer 5

It is found in both fetal development AND the adult AND functional

Question 6

What direction does the cecum and proximal colon move?

Answer 6

To the right side of the body

Question 7

What happens to the dorsal mesogastrium in fetal development? It makes what?

Answer 7

It folds itself and hangs over the transverse colon as the greater omentum

Question 8

Explain the movement of GI tract in development

Answer 8

1) Foregut rotates to the right (this is how the spleen in the dorsal mesentary gets moved to the left and the liver in the ventral mesentary goes right)
2) Liver grows rapidly and press against right side of cavity. Its attachment to stomach is lesser omentum and its attachment anteriorly is falciform ligament
3) Midgut also rotates, the proximal colon (or transverse/large GI) crosses in front of the duodenum
4) More midgut rotation with small intestine moving to the left; cecum and proximal colon moving to the right
5) Dorsal mesogastrium folds itself over and hangs over the transverse colon as the greater omentum

Question 9

Lesser and greater omentum connect to the stomach where?

Answer 9

Lesser= lesser curvature ; greater= greater curvature

Question 10

Lesser and greater omentum extend from what to what?

Answer 10

Lesser= stomach to liver; greater= stomach down over the intestines anteriorly

Question 11

What is intestinal malrotation or volvulus?

Answer 11

Remember the correct rotation has the duodenum moving posterior transverse colon and this rotation goes wrong. Volvulus can be created which causes damage to tissue

Question 12

What is “I ate 10 eggs at 12” refer to?

Answer 12

“I ate”= inferior vena cava has an aperture at T8; “10 eggs”= esophagus at T10; “at 12”= aorta at T12

Question 13

Location of esophagus? What nerve accompanies it?

Answer 13

Posterior to trachea, crosses diaphragm at T10, empties into stomach with vegas nerve to innervate abdominal cavity

Question 14

What is rugae?

Answer 14

Folds found on inside of stomach that allow for distortion, gives more surface area for digestion

Question 15

Where is the fundus, cardia, body; and pylorus of the stomach?

Answer 15

Cardia= opening into stomach from esophagus; fundus= superior bulge; pylorus= opening from stomach into duodenum aka first part of SI; body= main mass of stomach

Question 16

Duodenum is derived from?

Answer 16

BOTH foregut and midgut; just the 1st aka superior part is the foregut-derived

Question 17

How many lobes does the liver have? Location? what is largest lobe?

Answer 17

4; right (largest), left, caudate, caudate and quadrate

• Caudate= More posterior next to inferior vena cava, superior location
• Quadrate= More anterior next to the gallbladder, inferior

Question 18

What are the two ligaments you can see on anterior liver?

Answer 18

Ligamentum teres (remnant of umbilical vein in fetal development for circulation; NON-functional) and faliciform (liver to anterior wall; FUNCTIONAL)

Question 19

Where is the gallbladder?

Answer 19

Located posterior the right lobe of liver, tucked between the right lobe and quadrate lobe

Question 20

Both the liver and gallbladder are important for?

Answer 20

Synthesizing and storing bile to digest fat, so you’ll see bile ducts

Question 21

What makes insulin? located where

Answer 21

pancreas, retroperitoneal aka behind peritoneum

Question 22

explain pathway of bile ducts

Answer 22

1) L and R hepatic ducts from liver form common hepatic duct
2) cystic duct from gallbladder and common heptatic duct form the common bile duct
3) the common bile duct from gallbladder/liver join the pancreatic ducts to form heptaopancreatic ducts
4) hepatopancreatic ducts drain into major duodenal papilla (Drains from the head of the pancreas that is nuzzled into duodeum)

Question 23

What are the 3 sections of the pancreas?

Answer 23

1) Tail= tickles the spleen
2) Head= nuzzled into duodenum
3) Body= bulk of mass

Question 24

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 24

Left of the stomach, so way left of abdominal cavity

Question 25

What parts of the duodenum are made by the midgut?

Answer 25

Parts 2-4 (part 1 made from foregut)

Question 26

The ilium leads into? What is the junction called?

Answer 26

Large intestine at a junction named ileocecal valve

Question 27

Order of small intestine from most proximal to distal? And large?

Answer 27

SI = Duodenum, jejunum, ilium; LI= cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon, superior anal canal

Question 28

Where is the cecum? What is housed in the cecum?

Answer 28

It’s a small pouch in the LI closest to the ileocecal valve that housed the appendix

Question 29

Where does the midgut end and hindgut start?

Answer 29

Midgut is 2/3 of LI, and hindgut is 1/3 of LI (basically right before hindgut)

Question 30

What is taeniae coli?

Answer 30

are three separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons. They are visible and can be seen just below the serosa or fibrosa

Question 31

what are haustra?

Answer 31

(singular haustrum) of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation (sac formation), which give the colon its segmented appearance

Question 32

The superior anal canal is derived from?

Answer 32

The hindgut, the inferior is in a different way

Question 33

Internal anal sphincter verses external

Answer 33

internal= Smooth muscle, no control
external= Skeletal muscle, HAVE control

Question 34

examples of intraperitoneal viscera OF HINDGUT?

Answer 34

Jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, transverse colon and sigmoid colon

Question 35

examples of retroperitoneal viscera OF HINDGUT?

Answer 35

Ascending colon, descending colon

Question 36

examples of subperitoneal viscera OF HINDGUT?

Answer 36

Distal rectum and anal canal