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IPAP JUNIOR SEM. > INfx Dz Need To Know Block II > Flashcards

INfx Dz Need To Know Block II Flashcards

1
Q

What are of the country is high index of suspicion for blastomycosis

A

Along the Mississippi River

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2
Q

Coccidioidomycosis is prevalnet in what area

A

ARIZONA!

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3
Q

60% of coccidiomycosis cases occur in what state

A

Arizona

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4
Q

A pt presents with a cough, pluertic pain, fatigue, Headache, Fever, chills, and night sweats.

On CXR; Hilar/ medialstinal adenopathy

+erythema nodosum + erythema multiforme

And the pt recent Hx or location is in Arizona

Think..

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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5
Q

What is the Tx approach to coccidioimycosis

A

Most cases asympotomatic/ mild or self limiting.

Flucanazole is the DOC

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6
Q

A pt that is spulunking, cave diving, SocHx of smoking, around bats/ bat feces, (Missippi river, Oio river)

Presents with Pneumonia like S/s with pulm infiltrates/ hilar or medistinal lympadenopthy

Think..>?

A

Histoplasmosis

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7
Q

A pt that is luekopenic, or anemic, that was hanging out in caves, near the mississippi or ohio river valley…
Think?

A

Histoplasmosis

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8
Q

What is the Tx of choice for Histoplasmosis

A

Itraconazole is the first line Tx ( life long suppression for those with Active AIDs)

Amphotericin B for disseminated/ severe

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9
Q

A pt presents with a Hx of AIDS, a CD4 count below 200, and has come into contact with pigeon droppings

What organism are they at risk of contracting

A

Cryptococcosis

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of fungal meningioencephalitis

A

Cryptococcosis

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11
Q

What is the most common oppurtunistic infection

A

Candida

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12
Q

Thush in a young adult… always think… ?

A

HIV (candida oppurtunistic infection)

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13
Q

A pt presents with diabeties, pregnancy, or a recent use of ABX, has a thick white vaginal DC.

Think?

A

Vaginal Candidiasis

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14
Q

What is the Tx of choice for vaginal candidiasis

A

Oral Fluconazole (single dose is usually effective)

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15
Q

Individuals that are either hospitilized or on extended ABX Tx, presents with diarhhea…
Think?

A

C. Diff

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16
Q

A pt presents with noninvasive diarrhea and vomitting that recently went on a cruise ship…
Think ?

A

Norovirus

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17
Q

A pt presents with invasive diarrhea after eating raw or uncooked pork, +ABD pain in the RLQ. +Poly arthritis
Think?

A

Yersinia entericolitica

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18
Q

What is the Tx of choice for diarrhea caused by yersinia entericolitica

A

Ciprofloxacin

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19
Q

A pt presents with diarrhea after eating rice or pasta, (fried rice syndrome)
Think?

A

Spore ingenstion of bacillus cereus

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20
Q

What is the Tx of choice for bacillus cereus

A

MOSTLY supportive care

Fluoroquinolones can be used

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21
Q

A pt presents with watery (possibly bloody) diarrhea after ingesting undercooked of raw chicken

PE: Severe ill, R/L LQ pain, psuedoappendicitis
10+ watery/ bloody BM a day

Think..?

A

Campylobacter Jejuni

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22
Q

A pt presents with abdominal cramping and diarrhea, after contact with snakes or reptiles, poultry or eggs

Think?

A

Salmonella

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23
Q

What is the Tx of choice for non typhoid salmonella

A

Flourinquinolones (Cipro)

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24
Q

Rose spots are a sign of…

A

Typhoid fever

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25
Q

A pt presents with ACUTE bloody diarrhea, tenesmus, with mucus like stools, +fever + Lower ABD pain w/ increased bowel sounds

Think ?

A

Shigellosis

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26
Q

What is the Tx of choice for shigelleosis

A

Ciprofloxacin

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27
Q

What is the Tx of choice for travelers diarrhea

A

Ciprofloxacin

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28
Q

A pt presents with painless, rice watery diarrhea, that has a fishy odor

Think?

A

Cholera

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29
Q

What is the Tx of choice for Cholera

A

Aggresive fluid rehydration

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30
Q

25 % of pregnant pts with listeria monocytogenes have what outcome

A

Death in the infant ( 24x more likely for hispanic women)

31
Q

Raw fruits and vegetables consumption , dairy, and poor infant outcomes

Think>?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

32
Q

A pt presents with descending flaccid paralysis, after eating canned foods/ canned preserves or raw unpasteurized honey

Think?

A

Botulism

33
Q

Where do the majority of cases of lassa fever come from

A

Nigeria

34
Q

A pt presents with facial or neck edema, from nigeria, with fever, and deafness..

Think?

A

Lassa fever

35
Q

In Lassa fever what are the LFT levels

A

AST levels substantially greater than AFTs

36
Q

What is the most common complication of Lassa fever

A

Deafness

37
Q

What is the resevoir for hantavirus

A

Rodent resevoir

38
Q

What is the triad of S/s for Hantavirus

A

Fever, Renal Insufficieny, Hemmoraghe

39
Q

What is the Tx of Choice for Crimean-Congo Hemm Fever

A

Ribavirin

40
Q

How is TB transmitted/ presents

A

Close contacts with TB infected persons ( central and south america, foreign born persons)
With fever, cough, night sweats

People who share needles/ recreational drug use

41
Q

What are the three criteria to R/o TB infections

A
  1. PPD
  2. No S/s of infection
  3. CXR
42
Q

Someone that comes in the HIV and cough, fever, dyspnea, or any lung d/o

The first thought should be…

A

TB

43
Q

What are the S/s of TB

A 
Productive cough
Fever
Hemoptysis 
Wt loss
chest pain 
Night sweats (very specific to active TB) 
Anorexia 
Fatigue
44
Q

Where is the most common body part for skeletal TB infections

A

Spine

45
Q

What is the next step to a postive TB PPD test

A

CXR!

46
Q

What is a postive PPD measurment

A

larger than 5 mm for HIV, close contact of TB, CXR consitent with old heald TB

Larger than 10 all other high RSk populations

Larger thaqn 15 for all other pts

47
Q

What is the Tx approach to latent TB prevention

A

INH for 9 months + pyridoxine

Rifampin if INH resistance

48
Q

What is the causitive agent of Nec Fasc

A

Group A sterp
S Aureus
Vibrio

49
Q

What is the most common assoc dz of Nec Fasc

A

DM

50
Q

A pt with a rapid spreading distrucion of the tissues and fat, with gangrene, severe cellulitis, erythemic areas, migratory pains, leading to eventual sepsis

Think

A

Nec Fasc

51
Q

What is the Tx of Choice for Nec Fasc

A

Imipenem ( Military) (Need to know)

Penicillin G and Clindamycin can also be used

52
Q

What is the Tx of choice for Strep throat

Dysphagia, lymphadenopathy, fever, tonilitis

A

Benzine PCN G (IM)

53
Q

What is the prevention of Rheumatic Fever

A

Treating Strep throat with PCN!

54
Q

The major and minor criteria for Rhematic Fever

A 
JONES 
Joints 
Myocarditis 
Nodes 
Erthyma margniatm
Syndham chorea

Fever
Poly arthritsi
Prolongation of the PR interval
Elevated CRP or ESR

55
Q

A pt presents with flu like s/s, signs of soft tissue injury, with N/V/D, pain, Headache, dyspnea, CNS depression, HOTN, +/- pertichea, sudden onset of fever.
On CBC thrombocytopenia

Pt is a woman with a recent menstral cycle

Think… ?

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome (possible retained tampon)

56
Q

What is the Tx approach to toxic shock syndrome

A

EVAC,

Aggresive ABX Tx ( Clindamycin, Vanc, Nafcillin)

57
Q

What is the most common manifestation of Group B strep infection

A

Peripartum fever

Rupture of membrane in pregnancy without proper progression increased RSK

58
Q

A pt comes in with a step on a nail or dirty knife cut, what is a serious complication of this sequela of injury

A

Tetanus and SZR ( treat the SZR first, diazapam)

59
Q

What is the Tx for tetanus

A

Tenus IGM and metronidazole

If the pt is SZR then treat the SZR first, diazapam

60
Q

What are the 4 critera for SIRS

A

Body temperature over 38 (100.4) or under 36 (96.8) degrees Celsius.

Heart rate greater than 90 beats/minute ( may be on a CCB)

Respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths/minute or partial pressure of CO2 less than 32 mmHg

Leucocyte count greater than 12000 or less than 4000 /microliters or over 10% immature forms or bands.

61
Q

What is a common cause of SIRs in a “little old lady”

A

UTI

62
Q

How does measels present

A

Droplet spread ( very contagious)

Cough
Koplik Spots (in the mouth)
Coryza
Fever

On the 3-7 days
Characteristic red blotchy rash
Begings on face then moves to trunk

( a pt with out proper vax)

63
Q

What are the 3 cs of measels

A

High Fever plus cough, coryza, conjuntivitis ( plus koplik spots)

64
Q

HIV oppurtunistic infection involving the eye

A

CMV conjunctivitis

65
Q

A pt presents with fever, signifigant fatigue, chills, malaise, sever sore throat… is a younger child or pt between 15-25 yrs old

May have tonisilar pharyngitis
Strep test is negative

-/+ Jaundice and elevated LFTs (need to know)

PE: Splenomegaly

Think?

A

EBV/ Mono

66
Q

What is the causitive agent of Burkitt lymphoma and Nasopharyngeal Cancers

A

EBV/ Mono

67
Q

A pt presents with fever, unilateral or bilateral swelling of the parotid glands, dysphagia, malaise
-/+ orchitis or oophiritis

Think?

A

Mumps

68
Q

A pt presents with acute onset of flaccid paralysis.. think

A

Acute poliomylitis

69
Q

Where does the infection of polio occur and what is its s/s

A

Infection occurs in the GI tract,

Aseptic meningitis,
Fever, malaise, N/V

FLACCID PARALYSIS

70
Q

What type of paralysis is present with Polio

A

Acute flaccid paralysis without senory loss

May be unilateral

71
Q

A pt presents with a maculopapular rash, on the face trunk neck, that becomes vessicles, then become a granular scab. Anc collapse when punctured

Think?

A

Polio

72
Q 
A pt presents with a very high fever 
Headache 
Retro orbital pain 
And sever althragias 
Bleeding from the teeth/ gums

Abdominal pain/ blood diarrhea
Truncal rash

from a mosquito

“Saddle back fever”

A

Dengue Fever

73
Q

What is a postive TQ test for dengue

A

Positve if 10 or more petechia per square inch with BP cuff inflation

74
Q 
A pt presents with “black water vomit” 
Mucosal and GI tract bleeding 
Nausea with billious vomitting 
Conjunctival injections 
Leukopenia/ thrombocytopenia 
Think?
A

Yellow fever

Tx: supportive care

IPAP JUNIOR SEM. (43 decks)

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