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IPAP JUNIOR SEM. > IFNX III > Flashcards

IFNX III Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of cestode infx worldwide

A

H. Nana

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2
Q

What is the TxOC for Hymenolepiasis

A

Praziquantel (biltricide) and Supportive Care

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3
Q

What are the two types of Taneia

A

T. Solium (pork) and T. Saginata (cow)

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4
Q

What is the most common feature of Taeniasis (Solium and Sagintata)

A

Passage of proglottids in the stool (passive and active BM)

Assoc with. Appendicitis and Cholangitis

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5
Q

What is the TxOC for T. Solium and T. Saginata

A

Praziquantel

And surgical removal for clogged areas. (Appendicitis, Cholangitis, ect)

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6
Q

What causes cysticercosis

A

T. Solium (pig)

Common from areas in asia, rising in SoCal (10% of all SZR in SoCal)

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7
Q

What is the most common parasitic infection of the CNS

A

Cystiercosis from T. Solium

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8
Q

A pt from SoCal recently traveled to asia presents with a SZR, think of what parasite

A

T. Solium, ( Cysticersosis )

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9
Q

A pt presents with calcified intramusular nodules, think what parasite

A

T. Solium

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10
Q

What shows up on stool sample for cystercercosis

A

The Taenia not the cystercosi

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11
Q

What is the Tx approach to cystericosis

A

1st priorty is SZR treatment and possibel surgery

Albendazole and Praziquantel
+dexamathasone

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12
Q

A pt presents from Russia after eating fresh water fish, what is the possible parasite

A

Diphyllobothriasis (fish worm/eggs)

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13
Q

A pt presents with fatigue, diarrhea, dizzyness, low h/h, low b12 and folate (megoblastic anemia) , numbness of the extremities, all from eating fresh water fish

Think..

A

Diphyllobothrium

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14
Q

What is the TxOC for diphyllobothrium

A

B12 and Folate supplementation + praziquantel

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15
Q

Is eosinophilia presnt in protazoan infections?

A

NO!

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16
Q

What are the three blood flukes

A

S. Haematobium (africa/ ME)
S. Japonicum (Far east)
S. Mansoni ( Africa, South/ Central America)

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17
Q

S. Haematobium is a common cause of what cancer

A

Long term infx inplicated in bladder cancer, possible bue to anatomica relationship to vesicle plexus

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18
Q

What is the TxOC for schistomiasis

A

Praziquantel

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19
Q

What is the TxOC for fascioliasis

A

Triclabendazole

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20
Q

A pt presents from eating crawfinsh, with uticaria, N/V/D, abdominal pain

Think

A

P. Westermani

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21
Q

What is the TxOC for paragonimiasis (crawfish trematode)

A

Praziquantel

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22
Q

A parent presents with thier child from running around barefoot down in the south, father found a worm in the childs diaper after two days of diarhhea

Think of what parasite

A

Strongloidiasis

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23
Q

What is loefflers syndrome

A

A minifestation of strongyloidiasis

Pulm infections from the worms migration

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24
Q

What is the TxOC for strogyloidisasis

A

Ivermectin and/or Abendendazole

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25
Q

What are the two hookworms

A

Ancylostoma duodenal

Necator americanus

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26
Q

A pt presents with iron deficiency, has a ground itch at site or parasite bite, Pt is a young child that was running around barefoot

Think

A

Hook worms

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27
Q

What is the TxOC for hookworms

A

Abendazole

Mebendazole

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28
Q

What is the largest nematode and is the most common helmith worldwide

A

A. Lumbricoides

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29
Q

A pt presents coughing up a worm, think of what round worm

A

Ascariasis

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30
Q

What is the TxOC for a pt coughing up a worm

A

Aka ascariasis

Tx with abendazole or mebednazole

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31
Q

What is the only host for enterobius vermicularis

A

Humans

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32
Q

A pt presesnt with nocturnal anal puritis,

Think of what nematode

A

E. Vermicularis

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33
Q

What is the TxOC for Human Pin worms

A

Mebendazole

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34
Q

A pt presents with small tunneling on the feet and inbetween the toes…
Think what round worm

A

Ancylostoma caninum

Cutaneous larva migrans

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35
Q

What is the TxOC for Cutaneous Larva Migrans

A

Albendazole
Ivermectin

And wear shoes!

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36
Q

What is the cause of Visceral and Ocular larva migrans

A

Toxocariasis from the larva of T. Canis and T. Gati

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37
Q

A pt presetns with fever, visceral larva migrans, anorexia, wt loss, heptaosplnomegaly, with ophtamlic lesions, and visual disturbances, and cataract appearnace

Think of what round worm

A

Toxocariasis

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38
Q

What is the TxOC from toxocariasis (visceral and ocular larva mirgans)

A

Albendazole and/or Mebendazole

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39
Q

A pt states he is an avid hunter, and loves to eat bear, pigs, and deer, he hunts mainly in the US

Presents with signifigant pain, perirobital and facial edema, and a very HIGH fever, conjunctivitis, and SPLINTER hemorrhages

Think what parasite

A

Trichinellosis

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40
Q

What is the Tx of Choice for Trichnellosis

A

Albendazole and/or mebendazole

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41
Q

What is the test of choice to find amebias

A

EPP PCR ( enteric parasite panel)

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42
Q

What is the TxOC for amebiasis

A

Metronidazole
Tinidazole
Iodoquinol Luminal Agent
Paromomycin Luminal agent

For fulminant- SRGRY

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43
Q

A pt presents with fever, wt loss, diffuse abd tenderness, may be in the RUQ
Hem pos stools
+/- jaundince

Think

A

Amediasis

Or liver abscess amebiasis

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44
Q

What is the most common parasite ID’d in stool specimins

A

Giardia Lamblia

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45
Q

A pt presents after camping in the western US ( can also be in day cares)

Mode of transmission often fecal oral from contaminated water ingestion

S/s: diarrhea, abd distention , cramps, Nausea, with foul greasy, frothy stools, flactulence,

A

Think giardiasis

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46
Q

What is the DxOC for Giardias

A

EPP PCR

Finding trophozites or cysts

47
Q

What is the TxOF

A

Tinidazole
Or metronidazole

There are no surgical options as it may resolve spont.

48
Q

What are the two types of leishmaniasis

A

Cutaneous and visceral

49
Q

Where are the promiment regions for visceral leishmaniasis

A

India, bangladesh, Napal, Sudan, Brazil

50
Q

What is the zector for leishmaniasis

A

Sand flys (L. longipalpis)

51
Q

A pt presents with lesions exposed skin, with a raised edge and a central crater

Current deployed to the M/E

Think

A

Lieshaniasis from a sand fly bite

52
Q

What are the S/s of Black fever

A

Aka visceral lieshmaniasis

Recurrent high fever, Wt loss, signifigiant splenomegaly / hepatomegaly , post kala-azar dermal lesions

Can coexist with HIV

53
Q

A pt presents with recurrent fevers, darkening of the skin, with hepatosplenomegaly, on CBC has pancytopenia

Think

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

54
Q

A pt presents (may be a child or HIV comp)
With watery diarrhia, with wt loss, low grade fever, and pancreatic involvment , RUQ/epigastric pain, with hyperactive bowl sounds

From swimming in contaminated or recreational water like water parks (not common in the south)

Think

A

Cryptosporidiosis

55
Q

Cryptospordosis likes to infect HIV at what CD4 count

A

200

Esp. Less than 50

56
Q

What is the TxOC for Immuncomp vs Comp Cryptosporidiosis

A

Immunocomp is HAART Tx

COmp: No tx ind, may use nitazoxanide , S/s care

57
Q

A pt presesnts after hiking in the appalachians, says they were bitten by a tick
Has fever, chills, diaphoresis, and then prostration, malaria like illness
Think

A

Babesiosis from B. Microti (Tick)

58
Q

What is the progression of S/s of babesiosis

A

Looks almost exactly like malaria
But didnt travel

Starts as chills to fever, to diaphoresis, to prostration

59
Q

What is the TxOC for Babesiosis

A

Clindamycin +quinine

60
Q

Where is malaria most common

A

90 percent of cases are from africa

61
Q

What is the vector for malaria

A

Anopheles mosquito

62
Q

What is the most widespread malaria type

A

P. Vivax

63
Q

What is the pathophys of malaria

A

Sporozoites migrate into hepatocytes (liver phase) within minutes emerge into the bloodstream after a few weeks

Rupture of infected erythrocytes lead to fever and merozoite release

64
Q

What is the time frame for fever for P. Knowlesi

A

24 hrs

65
Q

What is the time frame of fever for P. Faliparum, Vivax and Ovale

A

48 hrs, can be sporadic

66
Q

What is the time frame for fever for P. Malariae

A

72 hrs

67
Q

What is the most severe type of malaria

A

P. falciparum

68
Q

A pt presents with fever, HA< mild anemia

May be immune/partially immune/non-sterile/innate immunity

Recently travelled from africa

Think

A

Malaria

69
Q

Why is P. falciparum so bad

A

Targets all RBCs causing severe anemia

70
Q

A pt presents with splenic rupture, may ben in a coman, with severe anemia and renal failure

A

Malaria

71
Q

Chronic P. malariae leads to

A

Nephrotic syndrome

72
Q

On labs, a pt presents with no eosinophilia, with acute renal fialure, elevated bilirubin, and hypo glycemia

Think

A

Malaria

73
Q

What is the Dx OC for malaria

A

Thick and thin smears

Three smears apart seperated by 12-24 hours

74
Q

When should prevention for malaria be started

A

1-2 weeks before

Doxy every day
Atovaquone/proguanil every day (only 7 days post)

Primaquine everyday (14 days post)

Chloroquine every week (has resistance)

Mefloquine every week ( causes sleep d/o)

75
Q

What is the TxOC for severe malaria (P. falciparum 14 day incubation)

A

IV artesunate

76
Q

Should steroids be used for malaria

A

No, can make cerebral s/s worse

77
Q

What is the infx rate of animal bites

A

80%

78
Q

What is the DOC for dog bites

A

Augmentin ( Amoxicillin with clauvanate acid)

79
Q

What is the most common pathogen of cat bits

A

Pastruella multocida

80
Q

What is the most common pathogen in dog bites

A

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

But 2nd is P. Multocida

81
Q

How are dog/ cat bites treated on the face vs hands

A

Facial wounds rarely become infected and can be closed right away

Wound on the hands should be left open, as well as hands older than 6 hours (primary closure)

82
Q

What is the agent of cat scratches

A

Bartonella henselae

83
Q

What is the most common S/s of cat scrathes

A

Adenopathy in children

84
Q

How does cat scratch fever present

A

Hx of contact with a cat

Rash (along lymph path)

Lymhpadenitis

FUO

Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome in 2-3% of pts

85
Q

What is the TxOC for Cat strach dz/ Fever

A

Immunocompenten with class s/s

Azithromycin

86
Q

Who is the risk to (mother or fetus) with toxoplasmosis

A

Fetus!

87
Q

A pt presents with cervical lymphadenopthay
Fever, malasie, night sweats, HA, myalgias, pharyngitis

Has either been around cats or hunters who ate uncooked deer meat

Think

A

Toxoplasmosis

88
Q

A pt with aids that has toxoplasmosis will present how

A

Toxoplasmosis encephalitis

89
Q

What is the Tx for Tocoplasmosis in aids pts

A

(LOOK UP ANSWER, Pet assoc dz)

90
Q

A pt presents with skin truama around an aquarium/ or coral Salt water,

Has a papulue that has ulcerated, with localized pain and induration, may have tendon or septic arthritis

Think

A

M. Marinum

91
Q

What is the Tx for M. Marinum

A

Clarithromycin

Ethambutol
+ rifamipin

X 1 moth

92
Q

A pt presents from a trip to africa, was playing with horses, possumsm and dogs,

Has a scratch on the leg, that has become infected and has large ulcers and plaques,

A

( look up the MYCOBAT that fits this, after M. Miranum)

93
Q

Leprosy is common from contact with what animal>?

A

Armadillos

94
Q

Skin lesions with deminished sensations with peripheral neuropathy suggestive of

Bilateral ulnar neuropathy is suggestive of

A

Leprosy

95
Q

What are the DOC for leprosy

A

Rifampin, dapsone and clor(something?)

96
Q

M. Chelonae is associted with what animals

A

soil, frogs

97
Q

A pt just got a new tattoo, what mycobacterium could they have gotten

A

M. Chelonae

98
Q

A pt presents from a tropcal area, swimming in the water, is possible infected with the most common zoonosis in the world

S/s: Icterus (severe),

A

leptospirosis ( look up other s/s)

99
Q

What are the classic S/s of leptospirosis

A

( look at pet associated Dz, lecture 3)

100
Q

What is the Tx for severe vs outpt leptospirosis

A

Severe: IV Pen G

( Look Up outpt) lectue before encephalitis

101
Q

A pt presents with exterme lethargy, flaccid paralysis, leukopenia from being bit by a mosquito

Think

A

West nile/ Encephalitis

102
Q

A pt presents with fever, nuchal rigidity, and AMS

Think

A

Meningitis

103
Q

Look at meningitis Diffferential slide and know it

A

Lecture 3 slides (meningitis)

104
Q

What is the #1 cuase of bacterial menigits

A

N. Meningitidis

105
Q

What is the most common meningitis in neonates

A

Group B

Look up others and add

106
Q

What is the tx for strep pneumo

A

Cefotaxaine or Ceftriaxone + ( one other drug, look up to add in meningitis lecture )

107
Q

Know the listeria monocytogens slide

A
108
Q

A pt presents wtih parasethisa/ pain at a bite with tingling, or itchy feeling at a site of a bite even after healing…

Think

A

Rabies

109
Q

What is the most reliable test of infection during the first week of rabies

A

Nuchal skin biopsy with Negri Bodies ( eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions)

110
Q

What is the tyopical test for clinical Dx of rabies

A

Serum rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT)

111
Q

What is the Tx approach to rabies

A

Optimal results require the following:
1. Immediate vigorous wound cleansing
—Solution of 1 part soap and 4 parts water

  1. Passive and active immunizations
    Prevent progression to full-blown rabies
  2. Vaccines commonly available
    —Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV)
    —Purified Chick Embryo vaccine (PCEC)
112
Q

What is the pre exposure immunization for rabies

A

Primary IMM on days 0, 7, 21, 28

And A booster in the deltoid

113
Q

What is post exposure IMM for rabies

A

Vax on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 if no prior IM

Or On days 0 and 3 if prior IM

IPAP JUNIOR SEM. (43 decks)

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