Info from Labs Flashcards
Types of movement
Discrete
Serial
Continuous
Arcadia Movement Model
Activity Environment Personal Factors Motion Force Motor Control Energy
CASSS Activity Analysis
C - Control
A - Amount of movement
S - Speed of movement
S - Symmetry of movement
S - Symptom provocation
Review of Systems (ROS)
Brief way to examine the body systems to identify underlying problems
Cardiovascular/pulmonary, musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, integumentary, cognition/communication
Pulse
The blood in the artery created by contraction of the left ventricle during a cardiac cycle
Parameters of Pulse
Rate - # of pulsations per minute
Rhythm - pattern of pulsations, important for determining health
Quality - the force created by ejected blood against the arterial wall
Pulse oximetry
Measures arterial blood oxygenation, updated with each pulse wave
What PulseOx value would suggest supplemental oxygen might be needed?
Below 90% saturation
3 things that can influence pulse
Age- HR generally decreases and stabilizes with age
Sex- males tend to have slightly lower HR than females
Medications - some can affect HR (EX: beta blockers lower HR)
3 things that can influence pulse oximetry
Alterations in heart function - can reduce cardiac output and oxygenation
Nail polish - can interfere with measurement
Artificial acrylic nails - can interfere with measurement
Parameters of Respiration
Rate, depth, rhythm, sound
What do blood pressure numbers represent?
Top = systolic bottom = diastolic
Systolic blood pressure
measures the force of blood against artery walls while ventricles squeeze, pushing blood out to the rest of the body
top number
Diastolic blood pressure
measures the force of blood against artery walls as heart relaxes and the ventricles are allowed to refill with blood
bottom number
3 things that can influence blood pressure
Blood volume - less blood leads to less pressure, and vice versa
Age - varies, rises after birth, peaks in puberty, levels to adult BP
Exercise - increases cardiac output which increases BP
Prehypertension ranges
120-139 / 80-89
Stage 1 hypertension ranges
140-159 / 90-99
Stage 2 hypertension ranges
160+ / 100+
Common places to assess pulse
Radial - on wrist, slightly lateral
Brachial - above inner elbow crook, slightly medial
Carotid - on neck, under the back corner of your jawline
Places where simple squamous epithelium is found
Alveoli, capillaries
Why type of epithelial tissues lines the lumen
Pseudostratified columnar
Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium found
Trachea, respiratory tract
Disorders of Healing
2 disorders of CT fibers within the skin;
1) hypertrophic scar
2) keloid scar formation
Hypertrophic scar (HTS)
more common at younger ages (10-30s)
can happen anywhere on body
associated with excessive tension and response to infection in the wound
Keloid scar formation
more common in non-Caucasian skin
more common in head and neck/chest area
associated with excessive tension and response to infection in the wound
Assistive device stability
(Least → Most Stability)
Cane
Crutches
Walker
When to use cane
minor problems with balance/stability
some weakness in trunk/legs
assisting elderly while having independence
When to use crutches
may be used if you can’t put any weight on your leg/foot
When to use walker
significant problems with balance/stability
total knee or hip replacement
need to transfer some weight off of lower extremities
Fitting for crutches
Match roughly to patient height
Adjust handles to get their arms to about 20 degrees of flexion
How to walk with a cane
progress with the contralateral foot because it provides a larger base of support and provides a more normal gait pattern because of arm swing
How to walk with crutches - 2 crutches, 1 affected leg
progress with crutches, swing legs forward just past crutches to provide larger base of support
How to walk with crutches - 2 crutches, 2 affected legs
4 point crutch gait, each progressed separately before contralateral foot (EX: right crutch, left leg, left crutch, right leg)
Metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint traction
joint integrity
stabilize the metacarpal bone with one hand, apply traction to the phalange with the the other hand
can be done with all MP joints
Radiocarpal (wrist) Distraction
joint integrity
stabilize the radius and ulna at the elbow with one hand, grasp the wrist and hand just distal to the wrist crease
longitudinal traction force applied with the distal hand
Anterior Drawer 90 deg - Knee anterior glide
joint integrity
Patient Position: supine with hip flexed to 45º and knee flexed to 90º in neutral rotation
Examiner: places hands around the proximal tibia and draws the tibia forward
Lachman’s Test 30 deg - Knee anterior glide
joint integrity
Patient Position: supine with knee flexed 20 - 30º
Examiner: stabilize distal femur, grasp medial proximal tibia. translate proximal aspect of the tibia forward on the femur
Prone Lachman’s Test - Knee anterior glide
joint integrity
Patient Position: prone with knee flexed 20 - 30º
Examiner: stabilize distal leg on examiner’s thigh. apply anteriorly directed force to proximal tibia to translate it anteriorly
Ankle Anterior Drawer
joint integrity
Patient Position: seated on edge of table
Examiner: stabilize distal tibia and grasp calcaneus. translate the calcaneus (and talus) forward on the tibia
