Influence of in-utero malnutrition on disease in adult life

Question 1

during pregnancy this can cast a long shadow

Answer 1

Malnutrition

Question 2

women exposed to this in late pregnancy had smaller babies -> in early pregnancy did not have smaller babies but offspring have features of metabolic syndrome as adults and had higher BMI, higher fasting plasma lipid concentrations, increased risk of CV disease and increased risk of schizophrenia

Answer 2

Famine (energy intakes fell to

Question 3

significantly increases the risk for metabolic syndrome (up to 6 fold increase!) and Cardiovascular disease (especially men)

Answer 3

Low birth weight

Question 4

direct effect of mother’s BMI, not related to father’s BMI

Answer 4

LBW

Question 5

modulation of gene expression by methylation -> can suppress/activate activity of genes by this methylation process -> allows for several phenotypes for same genotype -> affect gene expression without changing genetic code -> changes may lead to disease

Answer 5

Epigenetic changes

Question 6

children in utero during this had in adult life higher BMI, raised fasting plasma lipid concentrations, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, increased risk of schizophrenia -> lower methylation in insulin like growth factor was observed.

Answer 6

Famine

Question 7

Epigenetic changes may be involved in this disorder in children (mothers have higher levels of homocysteine, lower levels of SAH and SAM/SAH

Answer 7

Autism

Question 8

increases risk for autism (higher levels of 5-methylcystosine)

Answer 8

Genotype for reduced folate carrier