Inflammation and Repair- Bikman Flashcards
What are the five steps of inflammatory response?
Recognition, Recruitment, Removal, Regulation, and Resolution
What are the signs of inflammation?
pain, heat, redness, swelling, loss of function
In acute inflammation, what are the vascular changes?
vasodialation and increased vascular permeability
seen with redness, swelling, stasis, and margination of leukocytes
What is hydrostatic pressure?
a function of heartbeat, water volume, gravity and vessel size
What is onconic pressure?
a function of plasma proteins
osmotic pressure
In acute inflammation, what is the cellular response?
emigration of leukocytes
What is edema?
accumulation of free fluid in interstitial spaces
What are some causes of edema?
increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure,
diminished plasma protein,
increases in capillary permeability,
lymph obstruction
What is exudate?
pus, high protein
What is a mast cell?
Secretes lots of histamine
Many granules
Resembles a basophil
What are the steps of a leukocyte going to designated spot?
Margination (by selectins), Adhesion (by integrins), Diapedisis (transmigration), chemotaxis
Explain the type of WBC in the first 48 hours of inflammation?
6-24: neutrophils
24-48: monocyte
What are the steps in a leukocyte destroying a pathogen?
Recognition and attachment to pathogen
Engulfment of pathogen (when opsins are sensed)
Killing and degredation of pathogen
The leukocytes are activated by two pathways: classical and non-classical. Explain both.
Classical: activated by antibody immune complex
Non-classical: activated by lipopolysaccharide
Phospholipid is broken down into arachidonic acid and is further broken down into what?
cyclooxygenase breaks it down into prostaglandins (inflammation), prostacyclins (inhibits platelet activation), and thromboxanes (platelet activation and stickiness)
lipoxygenase breaks it down into leukotrienes (smooth muscle contraction in the trachea) - allergic reactions!!!