Blood- Novak Flashcards
What is the function of blood?
Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, regulation, protection
What is the composition percentages?
55% plasma, less than 1% buffy coat
hematocrit depends on sex
males- 40-54%
females- 37-47%
What makes up plasma?
92% water, 7% plasma proteins, 1% other solutes
What are the percentages of plasma proteins?
60% albumin, 35% globulins, 4% fibrinogen, 1% regulatory proteins
What does albumin do?
transports fatty acids, thyroid, and steroid horomones
What does globulin do?
immunoglobulins
transport globulins- hormone and lipoprotein steroid binding
What does fibrinogen do?
forms fibrin for clotting
Name some regulatory proteins
FSH, LH, insulin, prolactin TSH
Describe RBCs
no nucleus or organelles biconcave flexible 4 globulin/heme/Fe complex 2 alpha, 2beta subunits
For one microliter of blood, what is the number of RBCs for men and women?
females- 4.2-5.5 million
males- 4.5-6.3 million
Explain the life cycle of an RBC
made in the bone marrow (erythropoesis)
circulates in the blood form 120 days
aged RBCs filters and eliminated in the spleen Rand liver (NOT kidneys)
heme recycled or turned into biliverdin
RBC membrane proteins and globulin recycled into aa
What is hemoglobinuria?
excess hemolysis
What is hematuria?
RBCs in the urine due to kidney or tissue damage
What is polycythemia?
too many RBCs
What is anemia?
not enough RBCs
Explain the making of an RBC from an hematocytoblast
Hematocytoblast to myeloid stem cell, to proerythroblast, nucleus leaves to make reticulocyte (leaves bone marrow at this point), then RBC
With respect to the types A, B, AB, O, what are the antigens and antibodies for each?
A- antigen A, antibody B
B- antigen B, antibody A
AB- antigen A and B, no antibodies
O- no antigen, both A and B antibodies
What is the universal donor?
O
What is the universal recipient?
AB
What is special about Rh negative blood?
Don’t develop antibodies until exposed to Rh+ blood
What are the functions of WBCs?
initiate immune response, defend against pathogens, remove toxins and waste, and attack abnormal cells
What are the percentages of WBC types?
Neutrophils- 50-70% Eosinophils- 2-4% Basophils- less than 1% Monocytes- 2-8% Lymphocytes- 20-30%
Describe Neutrophils
Granulocyte
First responder
Phagocytizes
Has multilobed nucleus
Describe Eosinophils
Granulocyte
Destroys parasites
RED
Bilobed
Describe Basophils
Granulocyte
BLUE
Involved in allergic reactions
Bilobed
Describe Monocytes
Agranulocyte
Turns into a macrophage
Large jellybean like nucleus
Describe Lymphocytes
Agranulocytes
Large nucleus; takes up most of cell
Three types: NK, T, and B
NK- natural killer cell, kills off cells that have been infectd by a virus
T- matures in the thymus; cell-mediated immunity
B- matures in the bone marrow; differentiates into plasma cells that make antibodies
What is a normal WBC count in 1 microliter of blood?
5000-10000
What is leukocytosis?
high WBC
What is leukopenia?
low WBC
What is leukemia?
abnormal proliferation of leukocytes and slows production of blood and thrombocytes
What are thrombocytes?
fragments of megakaryocytes
What are the function of thrombocytes?
release clotting chemicals, temporary patch, reduces the size of the break
What is the normal thrombocyte count in 1 microliter of blood?
150000-500000; usually live 8-12 days
What are the three phases of hemostasis?
Vascular- endothelial cells contract 30mins after injury
Platelet- platelets stick because of chemical reaction; starts the patch
Coagulation- signaled either intrinsic (by platelets) or extrinsic (by the tissue) and meet at common pathway for fibrin to be made
