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DMD 5243 > Blood- Novak > Flashcards

Blood- Novak Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of blood?

A

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, regulation, protection

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2
Q

What is the composition percentages?

A

55% plasma, less than 1% buffy coat

hematocrit depends on sex
males- 40-54%
females- 37-47%

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3
Q

What makes up plasma?

A

92% water, 7% plasma proteins, 1% other solutes

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4
Q

What are the percentages of plasma proteins?

A

60% albumin, 35% globulins, 4% fibrinogen, 1% regulatory proteins

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5
Q

What does albumin do?

A

transports fatty acids, thyroid, and steroid horomones

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6
Q

What does globulin do?

A

immunoglobulins

transport globulins- hormone and lipoprotein steroid binding

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7
Q

What does fibrinogen do?

A

forms fibrin for clotting

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8
Q

Name some regulatory proteins

A

FSH, LH, insulin, prolactin TSH

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9
Q

Describe RBCs

A 
no nucleus or organelles
biconcave
flexible
4 globulin/heme/Fe complex
2 alpha, 2beta subunits
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10
Q

For one microliter of blood, what is the number of RBCs for men and women?

A

females- 4.2-5.5 million

males- 4.5-6.3 million

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11
Q

Explain the life cycle of an RBC

A

made in the bone marrow (erythropoesis)
circulates in the blood form 120 days
aged RBCs filters and eliminated in the spleen Rand liver (NOT kidneys)
heme recycled or turned into biliverdin
RBC membrane proteins and globulin recycled into aa

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12
Q

What is hemoglobinuria?

A

excess hemolysis

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13
Q

What is hematuria?

A

RBCs in the urine due to kidney or tissue damage

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14
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

too many RBCs

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15
Q

What is anemia?

A

not enough RBCs

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16
Q

Explain the making of an RBC from an hematocytoblast

A

Hematocytoblast to myeloid stem cell, to proerythroblast, nucleus leaves to make reticulocyte (leaves bone marrow at this point), then RBC

17
Q

With respect to the types A, B, AB, O, what are the antigens and antibodies for each?

A

A- antigen A, antibody B
B- antigen B, antibody A
AB- antigen A and B, no antibodies
O- no antigen, both A and B antibodies

18
Q

What is the universal donor?

A

O

19
Q

What is the universal recipient?

A

AB

20
Q

What is special about Rh negative blood?

A

Don’t develop antibodies until exposed to Rh+ blood

21
Q

What are the functions of WBCs?

A

initiate immune response, defend against pathogens, remove toxins and waste, and attack abnormal cells

22
Q

What are the percentages of WBC types?

A 
Neutrophils- 50-70%
Eosinophils- 2-4%
Basophils- less than 1%
Monocytes- 2-8%
Lymphocytes- 20-30%
23
Q

Describe Neutrophils

A

Granulocyte
First responder
Phagocytizes
Has multilobed nucleus

24
Q

Describe Eosinophils

A

Granulocyte
Destroys parasites
RED
Bilobed

25
Q

Describe Basophils

A

Granulocyte
BLUE
Involved in allergic reactions
Bilobed

26
Q

Describe Monocytes

A

Agranulocyte
Turns into a macrophage
Large jellybean like nucleus

27
Q

Describe Lymphocytes

A

Agranulocytes
Large nucleus; takes up most of cell
Three types: NK, T, and B
NK- natural killer cell, kills off cells that have been infectd by a virus
T- matures in the thymus; cell-mediated immunity
B- matures in the bone marrow; differentiates into plasma cells that make antibodies

28
Q

What is a normal WBC count in 1 microliter of blood?

A

5000-10000

29
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

high WBC

30
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

low WBC

31
Q

What is leukemia?

A

abnormal proliferation of leukocytes and slows production of blood and thrombocytes

32
Q

What are thrombocytes?

A

fragments of megakaryocytes

33
Q

What are the function of thrombocytes?

A

release clotting chemicals, temporary patch, reduces the size of the break

34
Q

What is the normal thrombocyte count in 1 microliter of blood?

A

150000-500000; usually live 8-12 days

35
Q

What are the three phases of hemostasis?

A

Vascular- endothelial cells contract 30mins after injury
Platelet- platelets stick because of chemical reaction; starts the patch
Coagulation- signaled either intrinsic (by platelets) or extrinsic (by the tissue) and meet at common pathway for fibrin to be made

DMD 5243 (9 decks)

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