Histology- Reynolds

Question 1

What is the common stain?

Answer 1

H and E

Question 2

Where does epithelial tissue stem from?

Answer 2

All three germ layers

Question 3

What are some unique features of epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

Avascular
Single or multi layers
polyhedral
unicellular
seperated by BM
undergo regular turnover

Question 4

What is the basement membrane?

Answer 4

Two layers of CT
Filters and separates the epithelium from other CT
Controls cell growth, metabolism, and differientiation
Has mostly type 4 and 7 collagen

Question 5

Where is epithelium located?

Answer 5

covers body surfaces, lines internal cavities, lihnes ducts

Question 6

What does epithelium do?

Answer 6

BARRIER!

protects, absorbs, secretes, transports, contracts, filters, sensory

Question 7

How do you name epithelium?

Answer 7

By shape, layers, and surface modification

Question 8

What are the type of surface modifications?

Answer 8

microvili, stereocilia, cilia

Question 9

What are the types of secretion?

Answer 9

merocrine: vescicles
holocrine: product accumulates and released by apoptosis
apocrine: product released along with a portion of the cytoplasm

Question 10

How do you name glands?

Answer 10

Based on branching and shape (tubular and alveolar)

Question 11

Name where you would find:

Simple Squamous

Answer 11

endothelium

alveoli

Question 12

Name where you would find:

Simple Cuboidal

Answer 12

glands and ducts

Question 13

Name where you would find:

Simple columnar

Answer 13

lining of the stomach

Question 14

Name where you would find:

Psudeostratified Cilicated Columnar

Answer 14

respiratory tract

Question 15

Name where you would find:

Stratified squamous

Answer 15

skin, surface of skin, orfices

Question 16

Name where you would find:

Stratified columnar

Answer 16

small areas of pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary ducts, urethra

Question 17

Name where you would find:

Stratified cuboidal

Answer 17

some ducts

Question 18

What is collagen?

Answer 18

flexible, but tough

made of tropocollagen (triple helix with repeating pattern)

Question 19

What are the four types of collagen used for?

Answer 19

1. mechanical support
2. hyaliine cartilage
3. reticulin (mesh pattern)
4. and 7. main in BM

Question 20

What is elastin?

Answer 20

allows stretching and distension

produced by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

Question 21

What is ground substance?

Answer 21

viscous, clear slippery
high water content
allows diffusion of nutrients and waste, lubricant, barrier
has lots of proteoglycans

Question 22

What does loose areolar CT contain?

Answer 22

slender bundles of collagen, elastin, fibroblasts, macrophages, and fat

Question 23

What is the difference between dense CT and loose CT?

Answer 23

dense has many more fibers

Question 24

What is the difference between regular dense CT and irregular dense CT?

Answer 24

regular is in an organized fashion

irregular is unorganized with fibers going in every other way

Question 25

What is adipose and its function?

Answer 25

fat
it cushions, insulates, stores energy, water
is also a endocrine tissue

Question 26

What is the difference between white and brown adipose tissue?

Answer 26

white is highly vascular

brown is hibernating fat with lots of blood vessels and mitochondria

Question 27

What are the functions of blood and what does it contain?

Answer 27

It contains plasma, WBC, platelets, RBCs

it transports, thermoregulates, defends, and maintains

Question 28

Which WBC are granulocytes, what are their percentages, and what is special about them?

Answer 28

neutrophils -40-70% first defense, multi lobed
eosinophils- 1-4% higher in allergic reactions, divided lobed
basophils- less than 1% BLUE, in allergic reaction

Question 29

Which WBC are agranulocytes, what are their percentages, and what is special about them?

Answer 29

monocytes- 2-8% “wanderer,” nucleus takes up a lot of the cell and is jelly bean shape
lymphocytes- 20-50% three types: NK(kills virus-infected cells), T (matured in the thyroid), B (matured in the bone marrow)