inferential Tests

Question 1

What are you testing for if you can use the Chi-Squared test?

Answer 1

You are researching a difference or correlation.

Question 2

What type of data must be used in a study using the Chi-Squared test?

Answer 2

Nominal Data

Question 3

What type of experiment design must be in a study using the Chi-Squared test?

Answer 3

Independent Group design

Question 4

When would you use a Mann-Whitney U Test? (three criteria)

Answer 4

When:

• You are testing for a difference
• There is an independent group design
• the data is ordinal

Question 5

How could you remember that the Mann Whitney U Test uses ordinal data?

Answer 5

Mann Whitney U sounds like Man United, which is an ORDINARY team (they’re not particularly good)

Question 6

What is a type 1 error?

Answer 6

Saying there is a difference by accepting the hypothesis when there isn’t one (meaning p level is too high- more than 0.05)

Question 7

What is a type 2 error?

Answer 7

Rejecting the hypothesis/accepting there is no relationship/difference when there actually is (the p level is too low/equal to or less than 0.05)

Question 8

What is the value we compare to the table of critical of values in the Mann Whitney U Test?

Answer 8

U (which is the smaller of the two values of U in group a and U in group B)

Question 9

What else do values do we have to know for the Mann Whitney U Test?

Answer 9

Na (the number of participants in group A) and Nb (the number of participants in group B)

Question 10

What three criteria do you need in order to use the Wilcoxon T Test?

Answer 10

It is used when:

• You are testing for a difference
• You are a repeated measured design
• the data is ordinal

Question 11

What value would you compare to the table of critical values in Wilcoxon’s T test?

Answer 11

The value of T (you would also need to know N)

Question 12

What three criteria do you need in order to use the Spearman’s Rho Test?

Answer 12

It is used when:

• You are testing for a relationship (not a difference)
• Using an experiment with a correlational design
• The data is ordinal

Question 13

What is the calculated value the Spearman’s Rho test would give you?

Answer 13

The value Rs (with either a + or - in front to show if it is a positive or negative correlation).
You will also have to know N.

Question 14

What five criteria do you need in order to use the Unrelated T Test?

Answer 14

It is used when:

• Testing for a difference
• Using an independent group design
• The data is interval data
• The two sets of data are pairs of data from seperate groups of participants
• The data fit the criteria for a parametric test

Question 15

What is the calculated value that is given by the unrelated T test?

How does this relate to the mean?

Answer 15

The test would give a value of T.

If the mean of the first group is lower than the mean of the second group two, then the vale of T will have a minus in front of it, and a plus for vice versa.

Question 16

What figure (other than T) do you have to know for the unrelated T Test and how would you calculate it?

Answer 16

you also have to know the degrees of freedom,

Total number of participants in group 1 (Na) -1 + The total number of participants in group 2 (Nb)

Question 17

When would one use Pearson’s R test?

Answer 17

• If you are testing for a relationship/correlation
• There is a correlational design/the two sets of scores are related
• The data is interval
• The data fits the criteria for a parametric test

Question 18

What are two examples of parametric tests of difference?

Answer 18

The unrelated and the related T test

Question 19

What is the equation for chi squared?

Answer 19

X² = Σ(O-E)² / E

E is the expected value while O is the observed value.

Question 20

How do you calculate the expected value in the Chi Squared Test?

Answer 20

(In a table of the observed values)
Total of the row containing the required cell X total of the column containing the required cell ➗➗➗ total of all cells (This must be carried out for each cell)

Question 21

How do you calculate the degrees of freedom in the Chi Squared Test?

Answer 21

Subtract 1 from the number of rows, subtract 1 from the number of columns and multiply the two together.