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Psychology A Level > inferential Tests > Flashcards

inferential Tests Flashcards

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1
Q

What are you testing for if you can use the Chi-Squared test?

A

You are researching a difference or correlation.

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2
Q

What type of data must be used in a study using the Chi-Squared test?

A

Nominal Data

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3
Q

What type of experiment design must be in a study using the Chi-Squared test?

A

Independent Group design

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4
Q

When would you use a Mann-Whitney U Test? (three criteria)

A

When:

  • You are testing for a difference
  • There is an independent group design
  • the data is ordinal
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5
Q

How could you remember that the Mann Whitney U Test uses ordinal data?

A

Mann Whitney U sounds like Man United, which is an ORDINARY team (they’re not particularly good)

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6
Q

What is a type 1 error?

A

Saying there is a difference by accepting the hypothesis when there isn’t one (meaning p level is too high- more than 0.05)

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7
Q

What is a type 2 error?

A

Rejecting the hypothesis/accepting there is no relationship/difference when there actually is (the p level is too low/equal to or less than 0.05)

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8
Q

What is the value we compare to the table of critical of values in the Mann Whitney U Test?

A

U (which is the smaller of the two values of U in group a and U in group B)

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9
Q

What else do values do we have to know for the Mann Whitney U Test?

A

Na (the number of participants in group A) and Nb (the number of participants in group B)

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10
Q

What three criteria do you need in order to use the Wilcoxon T Test?

A

It is used when:

  • You are testing for a difference
  • You are a repeated measured design
  • the data is ordinal
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11
Q

What value would you compare to the table of critical values in Wilcoxon’s T test?

A

The value of T (you would also need to know N)

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12
Q

What three criteria do you need in order to use the Spearman’s Rho Test?

A

It is used when:

  • You are testing for a relationship (not a difference)
  • Using an experiment with a correlational design
  • The data is ordinal
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13
Q

What is the calculated value the Spearman’s Rho test would give you?

A

The value Rs (with either a + or - in front to show if it is a positive or negative correlation).
You will also have to know N.

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14
Q

What five criteria do you need in order to use the Unrelated T Test?

A

It is used when:

  • Testing for a difference
  • Using an independent group design
  • The data is interval data
  • The two sets of data are pairs of data from seperate groups of participants
  • The data fit the criteria for a parametric test
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15
Q

What is the calculated value that is given by the unrelated T test?

How does this relate to the mean?

A

The test would give a value of T.

If the mean of the first group is lower than the mean of the second group two, then the vale of T will have a minus in front of it, and a plus for vice versa.

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16
Q

What figure (other than T) do you have to know for the unrelated T Test and how would you calculate it?

A

you also have to know the degrees of freedom,

Total number of participants in group 1 (Na) -1 + The total number of participants in group 2 (Nb)

17
Q

When would one use Pearson’s R test?

A
  • If you are testing for a relationship/correlation
  • There is a correlational design/the two sets of scores are related
  • The data is interval
  • The data fits the criteria for a parametric test
18
Q

What are two examples of parametric tests of difference?

A

The unrelated and the related T test

19
Q

What is the equation for chi squared?

A

X² = Σ(O-E)² / E

E is the expected value while O is the observed value.

20
Q

How do you calculate the expected value in the Chi Squared Test?

A

(In a table of the observed values)
Total of the row containing the required cell X total of the column containing the required cell ➗➗➗ total of all cells (This must be carried out for each cell)

21
Q

How do you calculate the degrees of freedom in the Chi Squared Test?

A

Subtract 1 from the number of rows, subtract 1 from the number of columns and multiply the two together.

Psychology A Level (15 decks)

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