Infectious diseases of the genitourinary system Flashcards
What are Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)?
Escherichia coli (50%) - Other normal flora from GI tract or skin
Anus to urethra
- Poor hygiene
- Nosocomial
WHat are the types of UTI’s?
Urethritis
- Area of infection: Urethra
- Treatment: Urinate to flush bacteria before they ascend
Cystitis
- Area of Infection: Bladder
- Symptoms: Pubic pain, urge to urinate
- Males → prostatitis
Pyelonephritis
- Area of Infection: Kidneys
- Symptoms: Accompanied by flank pain
- Treatment: Antibiotics for ascending infections
What’s the difference between vaginitis and vaginosis?
Candida albicans
- fungus (yeast)
- vaginitis
Gardnerella vaginalis
- bacterium (BV)
- vaginosis
Trichomonas vaginalis
- Protozoan
- vaginitis
Why is cystitis more common in women than in men?
Women have a shorter urethra than men
Which pathogen can be treated with azole drugs that interfere with ergosterol synthesis?
Candida albicans
What are sexually transmitted infections?
acquired through sexual contact
- genital, oral, anal
- STD = symptoms of disease
- STI = asymptomatic or subclinical infection
For Gonorrhea:
name the microbe(s)
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
identify mode(s) of transmission
describe prevention and/or treatment
name the microbe(s)
- Neisseria gonorrheae
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
- G- fimbriated diplococcus bacteria
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
- Urethritis with discharge
identify mode(s) of transmission - sexual
describe prevention and/or treatment
- 50% of females are asymptomatic
- Less likely to know infected and receive treatment
What is chlamydia?
Chlamydia trachomatis
obligate intracellular bacteria
Antibiotics are effective but Females are typically asymptomatic and do not know to seek treatment until too late
What are Complications of gonorrhea & chlamydia infection in women?
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- salpingitis → infertility & ectopic pregnancy
Prostatitis & epididymitis (males)
- Disseminated infection
For Syphilis:
name the microbe(s)
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
identify mode(s) of transmission
describe prevention and/or treatment
name the microbe(s)
- Treponema pallidum
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
- G- spirochete bacteria
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
- Chancre
identify mode(s) of transmission - sexual
describe prevention and/or treatment
- Antibiotics (early)
What are the stages of syphilis?
Primary syphilis
- Chancre
- Painless hard bump
- Antibiotics (early)
Secondary syphilis
- Rash
Tertiary syphilis
- 30% latency up to 20 years
- CNS infection
Congenital syphilis
- Spirochetes can cross the placenta
What is genital herpes?
HSV-1
- More commonly associated with oral herpes
HSV-2
- More commonly associated with genital herpes
Both types can be spread oral, genital, anal
What is a Replication inhibitor for herpes?
Valacyclovir
Limits outbreaks and transmission but is NOT a cure
For genital warts:
name the microbe(s)
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
identify mode(s) of transmission
describe prevention and/or treatment
name the microbe(s)
- Human papillomavirus (HPV)
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
- virus
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
- benign tumors
- Oncogenic strains
identify mode(s) of transmission - sexual
describe prevention and/or treatment
- gardisil vaccine
How do we prevent cancers from genital warts?
Pap smear
Subunit vaccine 2006
- Girls 10+ yrs
