Infectious diseases of the digestive system Flashcards
What is gastritis?
stomach pain/inflammation
What are peptic ulcers?
erosions in the gastric/duodenal lining
How were peptic ulcers treated previously? How are they treated now?
old school:
- peptic ulcers caused by excess acid
- treat with antacids (acid inhibitors 1980s)
In the 1980s, Warren & Marshall discovered Helicobacter pylori (G- curved rod) in specimens from ulcer patients
new school:
- endoscopy & biopsy
- urea breath test
- antibiotics
How does H. pylori cause peptic ulcers?
H. pylori neutralizes stomach acid
- bacterial enzyme urease converts urea to CO2 and ammonia (strong base)
How does H. pylori survive in the acidic environment of the stomach?
Bacteria break down urea to form ammonia, which neutralizes acid
What is the current cure for peptic ulcers?
antibiotics
What is gastroenteritis?
name the microbe(s)
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
identify mode(s) of transmission
describe prevention and/or treatment
name the microbe(s)
- Salmonella sp.
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
- G- bacillus bacteria
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
- diarrheal diseases
identify mode(s) of transmission
- contaminated foods
- normal flora of animals
describe prevention and/or treatment
- cooked foods
What is salmonellosis? How is it treated?
gastroenteritis
- treated w/ hydration
potential invasion followed by septicemia
- treated w/ antibiotics
Prevented by proper cooking and handling of food
For hemorrhagic colitis / enterohemorrhagic diarrhea:
name the microbe(s)
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
identify mode(s) of transmission
describe prevention and/or treatment
name the microbe(s)
- Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC)
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
- G- bacillus bacteria
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
identify mode(s) of transmission
- Vehicle Transmission: undercooked meat and veggies
- Contact Transmission: livestock
describe prevention and/or treatment
- hydration
For travellers diarrhea:
name the microbe(s)
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
identify mode(s) of transmission
describe prevention and/or treatment
name the microbe(s)
- enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
- bacteria
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
- travelers diarrhea
- self limiting ganstroenteritis
identify mode(s) of transmission - fecal-oral
describe prevention and/or treatment
- hydration
What is intoxication?
Food Poisoning
Acute diarrhea with vomiting
- preformed enterotoxins
- typically heat-stable
What method should be used to prevent outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis caused by E. coli O157:H7?
Cook meat thoroughly
Wash hands after touching animals in a petting zoo
Wash produce thoroughly, particularly if it will not be cooked
Monitor cattle for the presence of the bacteria
All of these methods should be used
All of these methods should be used
Which of the following describes intoxication food poisoning?
You eat undercooked chicken, Campylobacter multiplies in your intestines and causes diarrhea a day later
A chef with norovirus infection prepares your food and you get infected with this diarrheal illness
You leave your leftovers unrefrigerated for three hours before you reheat them, and then after eating you vomit and have diarrhea an hour later
You eat beef from a cow with bovine spongiform encephalopathy and you develop CJD years later
You leave your leftovers unrefrigerated for three hours before you reheat them, and then after eating you vomit and have diarrhea an hour later
For hepatitis A:
name the microbe(s)
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
identify mode(s) of transmission
describe prevention and/or treatment
name the microbe(s)
- Hep A
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
- virus
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
- Inflammation of liver and jaundice
identify mode(s) of transmission
- fecal-oral
- food contamination
describe prevention and/or treatment
- Inactivated vaccine
For hepatitis B:
name the microbe(s)
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
identify mode(s) of transmission
describe prevention and/or treatment
name the microbe(s)
- Hep B
identify type of microbe (e.g., prokaryote, virus, yeast, etc.)
- virus
recognize noteworthy symptom(s) for diagnosis
- Inflammation of the liver and cirrhosis
identify mode(s) of transmission
- vehicle transmission: blood and body fluid
- Oncogenic
describe prevention and/or treatment
- subunit vaccine and passive ab injection
