Ch 14: Immune Disorders Flashcards
What are primary Immune Deficiencies?
Genetic Disorders affecting T and B Lymphocytes
What are some examples of primary immune deficiencies that affect T lymphocytes?
SCID
DiGeorge Syndrome
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
What are some examples of primary immune deficiencies that affect B lymphocytes?
agammaglobulinemia
hypogammaglobulinemia
What are secondary immune deficiencies? What are some examples?
secondary immune deficiencies are acquired
AIDS
- HIV targets CD4+ T cells
cancer
What are the types of immune hypersensitivities?
type I
- IgE-mediated (mast cells, basophils)
type II
- IgG/IgM-mediated cell lysis (complement)
type III
- IgG immune complexes
type IV
- T cells
What is a type I hypersensitivity?
allergy
- immediate onset after exposure
allergens
- common, non-threatening environmental antigens
- defect in immune tolerance
create inflammatory response
What is atopy?
local, chronic allergies
- genetic and environmental factors
- “hygiene hypothesis” = too clean
What is anaphylaxis?
Systemic, severe allergic reaction
How do you develop allergies?
Sensitizing dose
- First exposure with no symptoms
- Creation of memory cells
Provocation
- Subsequent exposures activate memory response
- IgE production
- Degranulation of mast cells and basophils
- Chemical mediators (e.g. histamine)
How do you diagnose an allergy? Are there any drugs or vaccines you can treat an allergy w/?
diagnosis
- skin test
drugs
- antihistamines
vaccines
- desensitization
- IgG monoclonal antibody inactivates IgE response
What are Type II hypersensitivities?
transfusion reactions
ABO blood group is determined by the presence of A & B antigens
antibodies are produced vs. non-self antigens
What is blood type incompatibility?
incompatibility
IgG and IgM bind to nonself blood group antigen
agglutination of blood cells activates complement and leads to cell lysis
What blood types are the universal donor and the universal recipient?
universal recipient = AB
universal donor = O
What is hemolytic disease of the newborn?
reaction by the mother against Rh factor (D antigen) in fetus
1st Pregnancy
- Rh- mother has Rh+ fetus
- Rh factor on fetus RBCs causes mother to develop anti-Rh antibodies
2nd Pregnancy
- Mother has Rh+ fetus that is attacked by mothers anti-Rh antibodies
What is a Type III Hypersensitivity?
immune complex reaction
- soluble antigen + antibody
- deposition in basement membranes of epithelial tissues
- destructive inflammatory response (neutrophils)
