Infectious Diseases - Dogs Part 4

Question 1

T/F: rabies virus affects all warm blooded mammals

Answer 1

true

Question 2

transmission of rabies is via _______ because it is carried in the ________

Answer 2

transmission via bite of infected animal because it is carried in the saliva

Question 3

T/F: prevalence of rabies in wildlife has been increasing

Answer 3

true

Question 4

Pathogenesis of rabies

Answer 4

virus enters peripheral nerve and ascends through sensory or motor fiber
CNS signs develop 3-8w post infection
cell necrosis occurs, severe damage to motor euros results in ascending flaccid paralysis
virus spread out of CNS through nerves to salivary glands

Question 5

Prodromal phase of rabies infection

Answer 5

2-3 days
apprehension, nervousness, anxiety, solitude, variable fever
fractious animals become affectionate

Question 6

Furious/psychotic type of rabies infection

Answer 6

1-7 days
increase response, bite at objects, photophobic, hyperethetic
restless and roam

Question 7

paralytic/dump type

Answer 7

1-10 days
cranial nerve paralysis, hyper salivation, inability to swallow
paraparesis, incoordination, terminating in coma and death

cats sometimes get paralytic form straight after prodromal phase

Question 8

Diagnosis of rabies

Answer 8

centre for disease control and prevention (CDC)
serology to document rabies immunization
PCR

Question 9

Treatment of rabies

Answer 9

none

Question 10

Prevention of rabies

Answer 10

killed vaccine at 16w, revaccinate at 1 year then every 1-3 years

Question 11

Protocol if an animal is bit by another animal with rabies

Answer 11

if unvaccinated - euthanize
if vaccinated but not current - evaluate case by case
if vaccinated and current - revaccinate immediately and monitor for 45 days

Question 12

What virus causes pseudorabies?

Answer 12

porcine herpesvirus 1

Question 13

Other names for pseudorabies

Answer 13

Aujesky’s disease, mad itch, infectious bulbar paralysis

Question 14

how is pseudorabies spread?

Answer 14

contaminated pork products

incubation is 3-6d

Question 15

Clinical signs of pseudorabies

Answer 15

majority of dogs infected develop severe clinical signs
always fatal
behaviour change, lethargy, inactivity to aggression, restlessness
dyspnea, diarrhea, vomiting
self mutilation - erythema, excoriations and ulceration
trismus, paresis, paralysis of facial muscles, head tilt, difficulty swallowing, vocal changes
aggressiveness, head pressing, convulsions

cats often die without showing neuro signs

Question 16

Diagnosis of pseudorabies

Answer 16

CSF - increased proteins
pathology - FA testing for antigen in brain and tonsils
PCR

Question 17

Treatment of pseudorabies

Answer 17

prevention is key, keep away from raw pork products, vaccinate in endemic areas

Question 18

Two forms of giardia

Answer 18

tophozite - motile, active form

cyst form - resistant stage, contains two incompletely separated trophozoites

Question 19

Life cycle of giardia

Answer 19

cysts ingested - except with help of gastric aid and pancreatic enzymes
two trophozoites separate, mature and attach to brush border of villous epithelium
duodenum to ileum (dogs) and jejunum to ileum (cats)

Question 20

Clinical signs of giardia

Answer 20

diarrhea/maldigestion - malabsorption

Question 21

diagnosis of giardia

Answer 21

fecal microscopy - trophozoites
fecal concentration techniques - identify cysts
fecal ELISA test - antigen in feces
PCR

Question 22

prepotent period of giardia

Answer 22

cats: 5-16d
dog: 4-12d

Question 23

Treatment for giardia

Answer 23

fenbendazole