Infectious Diseases - Dogs Part 4 Flashcards
T/F: rabies virus affects all warm blooded mammals
true
transmission of rabies is via _______ because it is carried in the ________
transmission via bite of infected animal because it is carried in the saliva
T/F: prevalence of rabies in wildlife has been increasing
true
Pathogenesis of rabies
virus enters peripheral nerve and ascends through sensory or motor fiber
CNS signs develop 3-8w post infection
cell necrosis occurs, severe damage to motor euros results in ascending flaccid paralysis
virus spread out of CNS through nerves to salivary glands
Prodromal phase of rabies infection
2-3 days
apprehension, nervousness, anxiety, solitude, variable fever
fractious animals become affectionate
Furious/psychotic type of rabies infection
1-7 days
increase response, bite at objects, photophobic, hyperethetic
restless and roam
paralytic/dump type
1-10 days
cranial nerve paralysis, hyper salivation, inability to swallow
paraparesis, incoordination, terminating in coma and death
cats sometimes get paralytic form straight after prodromal phase
Diagnosis of rabies
centre for disease control and prevention (CDC)
serology to document rabies immunization
PCR
Treatment of rabies
none
Prevention of rabies
killed vaccine at 16w, revaccinate at 1 year then every 1-3 years
Protocol if an animal is bit by another animal with rabies
if unvaccinated - euthanize
if vaccinated but not current - evaluate case by case
if vaccinated and current - revaccinate immediately and monitor for 45 days
What virus causes pseudorabies?
porcine herpesvirus 1
Other names for pseudorabies
Aujesky’s disease, mad itch, infectious bulbar paralysis
how is pseudorabies spread?
contaminated pork products
incubation is 3-6d
Clinical signs of pseudorabies
majority of dogs infected develop severe clinical signs
always fatal
behaviour change, lethargy, inactivity to aggression, restlessness
dyspnea, diarrhea, vomiting
self mutilation - erythema, excoriations and ulceration
trismus, paresis, paralysis of facial muscles, head tilt, difficulty swallowing, vocal changes
aggressiveness, head pressing, convulsions
cats often die without showing neuro signs
Diagnosis of pseudorabies
CSF - increased proteins
pathology - FA testing for antigen in brain and tonsils
PCR
Treatment of pseudorabies
prevention is key, keep away from raw pork products, vaccinate in endemic areas
Two forms of giardia
tophozite - motile, active form
cyst form - resistant stage, contains two incompletely separated trophozoites
Life cycle of giardia
cysts ingested - except with help of gastric aid and pancreatic enzymes
two trophozoites separate, mature and attach to brush border of villous epithelium
duodenum to ileum (dogs) and jejunum to ileum (cats)
Clinical signs of giardia
diarrhea/maldigestion - malabsorption
diagnosis of giardia
fecal microscopy - trophozoites
fecal concentration techniques - identify cysts
fecal ELISA test - antigen in feces
PCR
prepotent period of giardia
cats: 5-16d
dog: 4-12d
Treatment for giardia
fenbendazole
