Calcium Imbalance Flashcards
th e3 fractions of calcium are
iCa (50%), complexed/chelated Ca (10%), protein bound Ca (40%)
T/F: animals get their vitamin D from sunlight
FALSE ITS FROM FORTIFIED FOODS
When calcium levels are too high, thyroid releases \_\_\_\_\_\_. A) PTH B) Vitamin D C) calcitriol D) calcitonin
D - calcitonin
When Ca levels are too low, parathyroid gland releases: A) PTH B) vitamin D C) calcitriol D) calcitonin
A - PTH
3 important tissues that PTH and calcitonin act on
bone, intestines, kidneys
T/F: when Ca is high, the thyroid releases calcitonin resulting in increased Ca release from bones
False - increased calcitonin increases Ca deposition in bones, not release
T/F: PTH increases osteoclast activity
true
Clinical signs of hypercalcemia
PU/PD - nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, kidney can’t respond to ADH
weakness, lethargy, inappetence, v/d, reduced excitability of nervous tissue
DDx of hypercalcemia (there are 8)
HARDIONS hyperparathyroidism addison's renal failure hypervitaminosis D idiopathic hypercalcemia of cats osteolysis neoplasia spurious
What happens if Ca and P >70?
dystrophic mineralization
Describe relationship between Ca and P
as one goes up the other goes down (in normal conditions) - inverse relationship
2 causes of hypercalcemia due to malignancy
lymphoma
apocrine gland carcinoma (anal glands)
2 etiologies of hypocalcemia
Primary hypoparathyroidism and eclampsia
What is eclampsia?
milk fever, puerperal Tetanu
acute, life threatening
excessive loss of Ca in milk
small breed dogs
Ideal for diagnosis of hypocalcemia?
serum ionized calcium
T/F: hypoPTH results in hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia
False, phosphorus will be high with hypoPTH
What is emergency treatment of hypocalcemia
10% calcium gluconate IV slow over 10-30 mins, monitor w/ ECG
continue w. supportive IV or SQ Ca therapy
monitor temp
Tx for eclampsia?
wean pups, place bitch on oral Ca supplements
What is another name for man made active Vitamin D supplement 1,25-dihidroxycholecalciferol?
Calcitriol
What is Calciferol?
ergocalciferol hydroxylated to 25-hydroxyvitamin D in liver, then activated to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, primary active form of drug
