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PEDIATRICS > INFECTIOUS DISEASES > Flashcards

INFECTIOUS DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

What is the coagulase status of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Coagulase positive

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of pyogenic infection of skin and soft tissue?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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3
Q

What is the role of teichoic acid in Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Adhesion to mucosal cell

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4
Q

What interferes with opsonophagocytosis in Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Slime layer

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5
Q

What is the function of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) in Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Causes protein leakage leading to cell death and pus formation

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6
Q

Which condition is associated with Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Necrotizing pneumonitis

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis and suppurative arthritis in children?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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8
Q

What is the most important preventive measure for Staphylococcus aureus infections?

A

Handwashing technique

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9
Q

What are the key features of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)?

A

Acute multisystemic disease characterized by fever, hypotension (shock), erythematous rash, and subsequent desquamation on hands and feet

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10
Q

What is a mnemonic for remembering Toxic Shock Syndrome symptoms?

A

T (temperature/fever), S (shock/hypotension), S (skin/erythematous rash)

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11
Q

What are the nonspecific symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome?

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia, nonfocal neurologic abnormalities, conjunctival hyperemia, and strawberry tongue

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12
Q

What is the age group most commonly associated with tampon-induced Toxic Shock Syndrome?

A

15-25 years old

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13
Q

What is TSST-1 and its role in TSS?

A

A superantigen causing massive fluid loss from intravascular space

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14
Q

Which bacterial species is most associated with indwelling foreign devices and nosocomial neonatal infections?

A

Coagulase-negative staphylococci

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15
Q

What is the most common pathogen associated with CSF shunt meningitis?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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16
Q

What is Staphylococcus saprophyticus most commonly associated with?

A

Primary UTI in sexually active females

17
Q

Describe the morphology of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

A

Gram-positive, lancet-shaped, polysaccharide-encapsulated diplococcus

18
Q

What impedes phagocytosis in Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Capsular polysaccharide

19
Q

What are the common diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Bacteremia, bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, and meningitis in children

20
Q

What should be performed in cases where Streptococcus pneumoniae is resistant to erythromycin but sensitive to clindamycin?

A

A D-test to determine inducible clindamycin resistance

21
Q

For children at high risk, what prophylaxis is recommended for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

22
Q

What is the most common cause of infection in the upper respiratory tract and skin in children?

A

Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes)

23
Q

What are two distinct clinical entities caused by Group A Streptococcus?

A

Scarlet fever and erysipelas

24
Q

What exotoxins are responsible for the rash in scarlet fever?

A

Exotoxins A, B, and C

25
Q

What are the nonsuppurative complications of Group A Streptococcus?

A

Rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis

26
Q

What protein primarily determines the virulence of Group A Streptococcus?

A

M protein

27
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing Group A Streptococcus?

A

Culture of throat swab on sheep blood agar plate

28
Q

What syndrome is characterized by acute arthritis after Group A Streptococcus pharyngitis but does not fulfill Jones criteria?

A

Streptococcal reactive arthritis

29
Q

What is the most common form of acquired heart disease in all age groups?

A

Rheumatic heart disease

30
Q

What is the age group at the greatest risk for Group A Streptococcus pharyngitis?

A

5-15 years old

31
Q

What is the recommended duration of treatment for uncomplicated meningitis caused by Group B Streptococcus?

A

14 days

32
Q

What is the recommended duration of therapy for septic arthritis or osteomyelitis caused by Group B Streptococcus?

A

3-4 weeks

33
Q

What are the major criteria for diagnosing acute rheumatic fever in a moderate/high-risk population?

A

Monoarthritis, polyarthritis and/or polyarthralgia, chorea, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules

PEDIATRICS (19 decks)

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