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PEDIATRICS > DEVELOPMENT, LEARNING, AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS 1.2 > Flashcards

DEVELOPMENT, LEARNING, AND BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS 1.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average age at which a child can hold their head steady while sitting?

A

2 months

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2
Q

What developmental implication is associated with a child holding their head steady while sitting?

A

Allows more visual interaction

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3
Q

At what age can a child pull to sit with no head lag?

A

3 months

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4
Q

What does the ability to pull to sit with no head lag indicate?

A

Muscle tone

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5
Q

At what age do children typically bring their hands together in midline?

A

3 months

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6
Q

What does bringing hands together in midline signify?

A

Self-discovery of hands

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7
Q

When does the asymmetric tonic neck reflex disappear?

A

4 months

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8
Q

What does the disappearance of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex allow?

A

Inspection of hands in midline

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9
Q

At what age do children typically sit without support?

A

6 months

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10
Q

What developmental implication is associated with sitting without support?

A

Increasing exploration

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11
Q

At what age do children roll back to stomach?

A

6.5 months

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12
Q

What is a developmental implication of rolling back to the stomach?

A

Truncal flexion, risk of falls

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13
Q

When do children typically walk alone?

A

12 months

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14
Q

What developmental implication is associated with walking alone?

A

Exploration, control of proximity to parents

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15
Q

At what age do children typically start running?

A

16 months

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16
Q

What challenge does running pose for caregivers?

A

Supervision becomes more difficult

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17
Q

At what age do children typically grasp a rattle?

A

3.5 months

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18
Q

What is the developmental implication of grasping a rattle?

A

Object use

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19
Q

When do children typically reach for objects?

A

4 months

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20
Q

What developmental skill is indicated by reaching for objects?

A

Visuomotor coordination

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21
Q

When does the palmar grasp reflex disappear?

A

4 months

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22
Q

What ability does the disappearance of the palmar grasp reflex enable?

A

Voluntary release

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23
Q

At what age do children typically transfer objects hand to hand?

A

5.5 months

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24
Q

What developmental implication is associated with transferring objects hand to hand?

A

Comparison of objects

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25
Q

When does a child develop a thumb-finger grasp/pincer grasp?

A

8-9 months

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26
Q

What developmental milestone is associated with a pincer grasp?

A

Exploring small objects

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27
Q

At what age do children turn pages of a book?

A

12 months

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28
Q

What skill is associated with turning pages of a book?

A

Increasing autonomy during book time

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29
Q

When do children typically scribble?

A

13 months

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30
Q

What skill is demonstrated by scribbling?

A

Visuomotor coordination

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31
Q

At what age do children typically build a tower of 2 cubes?

A

15 months

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32
Q

What skill is associated with building a tower of 2 cubes?

A

Using objects in combination

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33
Q

When do children typically build a tower of 6 cubes?

A

22 months

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34
Q

What skills are required to build a tower of 6 cubes?

A

Visual, gross, and fine motor coordination

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35
Q

When do children smile in response to a face or voice?

A

1.5 months

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36
Q

What does smiling in response to a face or voice indicate?

A

More active social participation

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37
Q

When does monosyllabic babble typically begin?

A

6 months

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38
Q

What does monosyllabic babble signify?

A

Experimentation with sound and tactile sense

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39
Q

When do children typically inhibit to ‘No’?

A

7 months

40
Q

What skill is demonstrated by inhibiting to ‘No’?

A

Response to tone (non-verbal)

41
Q

When do children follow one-step commands with a gesture?

A

7 months

42
Q

What skill is demonstrated by following one-step commands with a gesture?

A

Nonverbal communication

43
Q

When do children follow one-step commands without a gesture?

A

10 months

44
Q

What skill is demonstrated by following one-step commands without a gesture?

A

Verbal receptive language

45
Q

When do children typically say ‘Mama’ or ‘Dada’?

A

10 months

46
Q

What does saying ‘Mama’ or ‘Dada’ signify?

A

Expressive language development

47
Q

When do children typically point to objects?

A

10 months

48
Q

What does pointing to objects indicate?

A

Interactive communication

49
Q

When do children typically say their first real word?

A

12 months

50
Q

What does saying the first real word indicate?

A

Beginning of labeling and meaningful communication

51
Q

When do children typically speak 4-6 words?

A

15 months

52
Q

What developmental milestone is associated with speaking 4-6 words?

A

Acquisition of object and personal names

53
Q

When do children typically speak 10-15 words?

A

18 months

54
Q

What developmental milestone is associated with speaking 10-15 words?

A

Further acquisition of object and personal names

55
Q

When do children typically start forming 2-word sentences?

A

19 months

56
Q

What developmental milestone is associated with 2-word sentences?

A

Beginning grammaticization and a vocabulary of 50 words

57
Q

When does object permanence typically develop?

A

8 months

58
Q

What is the significance of uncovering a toy after seeing it hidden?

A

Object permanence

59
Q

At what age does egocentric symbolic play, such as pretending to drink from a cup, typically occur?

A

12 months

60
Q

What skill is demonstrated by egocentric symbolic play?

A

Beginning symbolic thought

61
Q

At what age do children use a stick to reach a toy?

A

17 months

62
Q

What developmental skill is demonstrated by using a stick to reach a toy?

A

Linking actions to solve problems

63
Q

At what age does pretend play with a doll, such as giving a doll a bottle, typically occur?

A

17 months

64
Q

What skill is demonstrated by pretend play with a doll?

A

Symbolic thought

65
Q

What are the six domains of function in child development?

A

Gross motor, Fine motor, Language, Cognition, Activities of daily living, Social and emotional behavior

66
Q

What is the first gross motor milestone achieved at 3 months?

A

Head control

67
Q

At what age does a child typically sit independently?

A

6 months

68
Q

At what age can a child ride a tricycle?

A

3 years

69
Q

What gross motor skill is developed by 5 years of age?

A

Riding a bicycle

70
Q

What is a red flag in gross motor development at 4 months?

A

Lack of steady head control when sitting

71
Q

Why is persistent toe walking considered a red flag?

A

It may indicate neuromuscular issues or spasticity.

72
Q

What is a fine motor milestone achieved at 3 months?

A

Holding an object and bringing hands to midline

73
Q

At what age does a child develop a pincer grasp?

A

8-9 months

74
Q

What fine motor skill can a 3-year-old typically perform?

A

Drawing a circle

75
Q

What is a red flag for fine motor skills at 3 months?

A

Persistent fisting

76
Q

Why is hand preference before 18 months a red flag?

A

It may indicate weakness or neurological problems on the opposite side.

77
Q

At what age does receptive language start to develop with name recognition?

A

6 months

78
Q

What is the typical expressive language milestone at 9-15 months?

A

First words such as ‘mama’ or ‘papa’

79
Q

What is the expressive language milestone for a 2-year-old?

A

Combining two words and 50% intelligible speech

80
Q

What are the four P’s in language development by age 4?

A

Pronouns, Prepositions, Plurals, Past tense

81
Q

What is a red flag in language development at 12 months?

A

No babbling, no pointing, no gestures

82
Q

At what age should a child be 100% intelligible in speech?

A

4 years

83
Q

What milestone in visual development is achieved by 6-8 weeks?

A

Fixation and straight eye alignment

84
Q

What is a red flag in visual development for infants?

A

Persistent or new squint

85
Q

What does it mean if a child loses language skills at any age?

A

It may indicate language regression, a warning sign for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

86
Q

What is the primary cause for delayed expressive language in hearing-impaired babies?

A

They may have normal receptive responses but lack expressive language development.

87
Q

At what age does a child develop smooth tracking and can reach for objects?

A

6-9 months

88
Q

Why is language development considered a predictor of overall intelligence?

A

It reflects the cognitive and adaptive abilities of a child.

89
Q

By 2 years of age, what percentage of a child’s speech should be intelligible?

A

0.5

90
Q

At what age does canonical babbling typically occur?

A

6-10 months

91
Q

Why is echolalia not considered true language development?

A

It is merely the repetition of sounds without communicative intent.

92
Q

What is the naming period in language development?

A

10-18 months, when children realize names and labels

93
Q

What is a common feature of pre-speech development at 4-5 months?

A

Vocal tennis—appears to mimic conversation

94
Q

What is the typical vocabulary size for a 3-year-old?

A

500 words

95
Q

Why is bilingualism not a cause for developmental language delay?

A

The sum of words from both languages should match that of monolingual children.

96
Q

When is a brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) examination recommended?

A

When there are concerns about hearing or language development

97
Q

Why is the 18-month visit important for developmental assessment?

A

It allows early detection of language or social problems like Autism Spectrum Disorder.

PEDIATRICS (19 decks)

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