Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PEDIATRICS > FUO (DR. C) > Flashcards

FUO (DR. C) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in children?

A

A temperature >38°C (100.4°F) documented by a healthcare provider, with no identified cause after at least 8 days of evaluation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What differentiates fever without a source (FWS) from FUO?

A

The duration of fever; FWS can progress to FUO if no cause is found after 7 days of evaluation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the main categories of causes of FUO in children?

A

Infectious, rheumatologic, autoinflammatory, oncologic, neurologic, genetic, factitious, and iatrogenic processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the common presentation of FUO in children?

A

Atypical presentations of common diseases, often requiring prolonged observation for diagnosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are common infectious causes of FUO in children in the United States?

A

Bacterial enterocolitis (e.g., salmonellosis), tuberculosis, rickettsial diseases, syphilis, Lyme disease, cat-scratch disease, atypical viral diseases (e.g., adenovirus, EBV, CMV), and others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are common autoimmune causes of FUO?

A

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and Kawasaki disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some diagnostic clues for drug fever?

A

Sustained fever without other symptoms, resolving within 72 hours of drug discontinuation (except in some cases like iodides).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What types of infections are more common causes of FUO in low and middle-income settings?

A

Primarily infectious diseases, due to a higher burden of infections and limited advanced diagnostic techniques.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What historical factors are important in evaluating FUO?

A

Travel history, exposure to animals, dietary habits, medication history, genetic background, and family history.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What should be documented in suspected cases of factitious fever?

A

The presence and pattern of fever, often requiring prolonged hospital observation and possibly electronic or video surveillance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the leading causes of classic FUO?

A

Cancer, infections, inflammatory conditions, undiagnosed causes, and habitual hyperthermia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition of healthcare-associated FUO?

A

A fever ≥38°C (100.4°F) lasting >1 week, not present or incubating on admission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are common causes of immune-deficient FUO?

A

Mostly infections, with a documented cause in only 40–60% of cases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the definition of HIV-related FUO?

A

A fever ≥38°C (100.4°F) lasting >3 weeks in outpatients or >1 week in inpatients, with confirmed HIV infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main diagnostic tools for FUO?

A

Thorough history, physical examination, screening laboratory tests, and imaging studies guided by clinical findings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pseudo-FUO?

A

Successive episodes of benign, self-limited infections perceived as one prolonged fever episode.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How can pseudo-FUO be diagnosed?

A

By identifying afebrile periods between febrile episodes and potentially keeping a fever diary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a key feature of drug-induced fever?

A

It resolves after discontinuation of the drug, typically within 72 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are common connective tissue diseases associated with FUO?

A

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the role of PCR in diagnosing FUO?

A

Improved detection of infectious and autoimmune conditions, reducing the number of undiagnosed FUO cases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the significance of the absence of sweat during fever?

A

“It suggests dehydration (vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What condition is indicated by chorioretinitis?

A

“It suggests CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are potential causes of proptosis in a child?

A

“Orbital tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do nail-fold capillary abnormalities suggest?

A

“They are associated with connective tissue diseases such as juvenile dermatomyositis and systemic scleroderma.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What might failure of pupillary constriction indicate in a child with FUO?

A

“Hypothalamic dysfunction due to absence of the sphincter constrictor muscle.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What findings might suggest familial dysautonomia in a child with FUO?

A

“Lack of tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What conditions might hyperactive deep tendon reflexes indicate?

A

“Thyrotoxicosis as a cause of FUO.”

28
Q

What does generalized muscle tenderness suggest?

A

“Dermatomyositis

29
Q

What is indicated by point tenderness over a bone?

A

“Occult osteomyelitis or bone marrow invasion from neoplastic disease.”

30
Q

What laboratory test results suggest inflammation in FUO evaluation?

A

“An ESR >30 mm/hr or elevated CRP indicates inflammation.”

31
Q

What might polymicrobial bacteremia suggest?

A

“Factitious infection

32
Q

Why are anaerobic blood cultures rarely used in FUO evaluation?

A

“Anaerobic infections are rare; cultures are only done if anaerobic infection is suspected.”

33
Q

What does an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of <5,000/μL indicate?

A

“It provides evidence against bacterial infections except typhoid fever.”

34
Q

What is the role of imaging studies in FUO diagnosis?

A

“They help detect abscesses

35
Q

When should empirical antimicrobial therapy be avoided in FUO?

A

“It should be avoided unless there is clear evidence of infection.”

36
Q

What is the prognosis for children with FUO compared to adults?

A

“Children generally have a better prognosis

37
Q

What is the value of PET-CT or MRI in FUO evaluation?

A

“These imaging studies help localize occult tumors or abscesses without surgical exploration.”

38
Q

What findings on ophthalmoscope examination might indicate connective tissue diseases?

A

“Nail-fold capillary abnormalities observed with immersion oil or jelly.”

39
Q

What should be done if no clinical clues emerge from history or examination in FUO?

A

“Surveillance and repeated reevaluations should be performed to detect new findings.”

40
Q

What findings on bone marrow examination might indicate FUO causes?

A

“Leukemia

41
Q

What is the first-line imaging modality for FUO evaluation?

A

“Total-body CT or MRI with contrast is usually the first choice.”

42
Q

What laboratory test should always be included in initial FUO evaluation?

A

“Complete blood count (CBC) with WBC differential and urinalysis.”

43
Q

What might recurrent oral candidiasis suggest in a child with FUO?

A

“Disorders of the immune system

44
Q

What conditions are suggested by hyperemia of the pharynx with or without exudate?

A

“Streptococcal infection

45
Q

Which physical finding is associated with sinusitis in patients with fever of unknown origin?

A

“Sinus tenderness”

46
Q

What diagnosis is suggested by nodules and reduced pulsations of the temporal artery?

A

“Temporal arteritis”

47
Q

What condition can cause ulceration in the oropharynx in patients with fever of unknown origin?

A

“Disseminated histoplasmosis

48
Q

What is the diagnosis when a patient with fever of unknown origin has a tender tooth?

A

“Periapical abscess

49
Q

What is a possible diagnosis in a patient with loose teeth and fever of unknown origin?

A

“Langerhans cell histiocytosis

50
Q

What might choroid tubercles in the fundi or conjunctivae indicate?

A

“Disseminated granulomatosis*”

51
Q

What condition is suggested by petechiae or Roth spots in patients with fever of unknown origin?

A

“Endocarditis”

52
Q

What is indicated by thyroid enlargement or tenderness in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Thyroiditis”

53
Q

What diagnosis is suggested by a murmur and fever of unknown origin?

A

“Infective or marantic endocarditis”

54
Q

What does relative bradycardia suggest in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Typhoid fever

55
Q

What could enlarged iliac crest lymph nodes and splenomegaly indicate in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Lymphoma

56
Q

What condition is associated with an audible abdominal aortic or renal artery bruit in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Large vessel vasculitis such as Takayasu arteritis”

57
Q

What is the diagnosis when costovertebral tenderness is present in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Chronic pyelonephritis

58
Q

What might perirectal fluctuance or tenderness indicate in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Abscess”

59
Q

What diagnosis is suggested by prostatic tenderness or fluctuance in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Abscess”

60
Q

What could a testicular or epididymal nodule indicate in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Periarteritis nodosa

61
Q

What is the diagnosis when spinal tenderness is observed in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Vertebral osteomyelitis”

62
Q

What does paraspinal tenderness suggest in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Paraspinal collection”

63
Q

What is the diagnosis associated with deep venous tenderness in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Thrombosis or thrombophlebitis”

64
Q

What condition is indicated by pseudoparesis in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Syphilitic bone disease”

65
Q

What might petechiae, splinter hemorrhages, or subcutaneous nodules indicate in fever of unknown origin?

A

“Vasculitis

PEDIATRICS (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions