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MRCP Part 1 > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

First line treatment in syphilis

What is a complication following initiating treatment

A

IM benzathine penicillin

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction following first dose (fever, rash, tachcyardia)

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2
Q

First line chlamydia treatment?

What if patient is pregnant

A

Doxycycline

If pregnant: azithromycin

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3
Q

First line treatment campylobater enteritis

A

clarithromycin

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4
Q

Treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria

A

Oral artemisinin based combination therapies

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5
Q

A 20-year-old man presents in summer with gradually worsening flu-like symptoms and a dry cough. On examination he is noted to have erythema multiforme - mycoplasma pneumonia. Whats the likely pathogen?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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6
Q

what virus has a high mortality rate in women?

A

Hepatitis E virus

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7
Q

First line for salmonella (non typhoid)?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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8
Q

What vascular problem is assoc with hepatitis B?

A

polyarteritis nodusum (vasculitis)

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9
Q

Complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A 
cold agglutins (IgM): may cause an haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia
Erythema multiforme
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10
Q

chance of transmission in needle stick injury hep B, C and HIV?

A

Hep B 30%
Hep C 3% (2%)
HIV 0.3%

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11
Q

What is the initial Mx for meningitis in <3 month olds and 50yo+?

A

IV cef + ampicillin/amox

addition of ampicillin due to this patient group being higher risk of Listeria

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12
Q

What antibiotic for legionella pneumonia?

A

Clarithromycin

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13
Q

Diagnosis of legionella vs mycobacterium pneumoniae

A

legionella: urinary antigen

Mycobacterium: serology

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14
Q

In HIV brain lesions: What is the most effective method to help differentiate between lymphoma and toxoplasmosis?

A

Thallium SPECT

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15
Q

What defines severe falciparum malaria?

A 
High parasitaemia (>2%)
Hypoglycaemia
Severe anaemia
Renal failure
Pulmonary oedema
Metabolic acidosis
Abnormal bleeding
Multiple convulsions
Seizures
Shock
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16
Q

What is the treatment for severe falciparum malaria?

A

IV artesunate

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17
Q

What is the treatment for non-severe falciparum malaria?

A

oral artesunate combination therapy (ACT)

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18
Q

What is the treatment of non-falciparum malaria?

A

oral ACT (artesunate combination therapy)

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19
Q

why is chloroquine used with caution in treating malaria?

A

High rates of resistance in some areas of the world

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20
Q

Treatment of anthrax

A

Ciprofloxacin

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21
Q

What skin lesion is associated with lyme’s disease?

What about any ECG changes?

A

Erythema migrans

ECG: Heart block (prolonged PR interval)

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22
Q

What is Jarish Herxherimer reaction?

A

Phenomena: Fever, rash, tachycardia after first dose of antibiotic in Lyme’s disease (don’t confuse with allergic reaction - no wheeze or SOB)

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23
Q

What occurs if you treat someone with infectious mononucelosis with amoxicillin?

A

widespread erythematous rash

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24
Q

Retro-orbital headache, fever, facial flushing, rash, thrombocytopenia in returning traveller - what could this be?

A

Possibly dengue fever

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25
Q

post exposure prophylaxis for VZV if not immunised?

A

First check if IgG - if not then treat (if pregnant or immunosuppressed)

26
Q

Treatment of Lyme’s disease?

A

Doxycycline

Of pregnant/allergic: amoxicillin

27
Q

Live vaccines

A 
BCG
MMR
oral polio
yellow fever
oral typhoid
28
Q

Treatment of schistosomiasis

A

praziquantel

29
Q

What is the acute presentation of schistosomiasis?

A

Swimmer’s itch
Katayama fever: fever, urticaria, arthralgia, myalgia, cough, diarrhoea, hepatosplenomegaly

CXR - pulmonary infiltrates

With eosinophilia on blood

30
Q

Treatment for cryptosporidium?

A

Nitazoxanide

31
Q

Commonest causes of viral meningitis in adults?

A

coxsackie virus/enteroviruses

32
Q

Strongyloides treatment

A

Ivermectin

33
Q

Treatment of PCP pneumonia

A

Co-trimoxazole
Severe: IV pentamidine

steroids if hypoxic

34
Q

Treatment of schistosomiasis?

A

praziquental

35
Q

Two types of leprosy and how to distinguish? + bacteria

A

Mycobacterium leprae

  1. Lepromatous leprosy (extensive skin involvement + symmetrical nerve involvement)
  2. Tuberculoid leprosy (limited skin involvement + asymmetrical nerve involvement)
36
Q

Treatment of toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients

A

No treatment / supportive

37
Q

Treatment of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients

A

pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine and folinic acid

38
Q

Complications of PID

A

fitz Hugh curtis
infertility
chronic pelvic pain
ectopic pregnancy

39
Q

Treatment of PID

A

po ofloxacin + po metronidazole

or

IM ceftriaxone + po doxycycline + po metronidazole

40
Q

Cat scratch disease - causative organism

A

Bartonella Henselae

41
Q

Human bite organisms

A 
Streptococci spp.
Staphylococcus aureus
Eikenella
Fusobacterium
Prevotella
42
Q

Animal bite organisms

A

Pasteurella multocida

43
Q

HIV, neuro symptoms, widespread demyelination on MRI

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

44
Q

What is seen macroscopically in CSF fluid of TB meningitis?

A

Fibrin web

45
Q

MOA aciclovir

A

Inhibits DNA polymerase

46
Q

Triad of disseminated gonococcal infection

A

tenosynovitis, migratory polyarthritis, dermatitis

47
Q

commonest cause of infection in platelet transfusion

A

Staph epidermidis

48
Q

What is the gold standard Ix for determining if someone is infectious with TB?

A

Multiple sputum smear + cultures (as other tests will be positive in latent disease)

49
Q

What is quantiferon gamma test specific to?

A

mycobacteria infections!!!!!

50
Q

Treatment for legionairres

A

Fluoroquinolones e.g. levofloxacin

OR macrolides e.g. clarithromycin or azithromycin

51
Q

What test remains positive after syphilis treatment?

A

TPHA

52
Q

What tests are negative after syphylis treatment?

A

RPR + VDRL

53
Q

HIV Cryptosporidias treatment?

A

Nitazoxanide

54
Q

What is blackwater fever?

A

Fatal but rare complication malaria

large intravascular haemolysis –> haemoglobinuria, anaemia, jaundice, AKI, fever

urine classically black

55
Q

Complication of peritonsillar abscess?

A

Lemierre’s syndrome (thrombophlebitis of IJV) –> risk of septic PE

56
Q

Cat scratch disease organism

A

bartonella henselae

57
Q

Culture negative IE –> what organism?

A

Coxiella burnetti

58
Q

Treatement HBV?

A

Pegylated IFN alpha

Antivirals: tenofovir, entecavir and telbivudine

59
Q

IE organism associated with colorectal cancer?

A

Strep bovis (more specifically strep gallolyticus)

60
Q

treatment of toxoplasmosis HIV +ve

A

PYRIMETHAMINE + sulfadiazine + folinic acid

MRCP Part 1 (19 decks)

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