Gastroenterology Flashcards
What vitamin is thiamine?
B1
Give the classic triad of wernicke’s encephalopathy
nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia and ataxia
What are the features of korsakoff syndrome
amnesia
Confabulation
What 4 conditions are associated with thiamine deficiency?
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Korsakoff’s syndrome
dry beriberi: peripheral neuropathy
wet beriberi: dilated cardiomyopathy
Triad of Budd chiari syndrome
Abdominal pain
Ascites
tender hepatomegaly
Cyclophosphamide complications
TCC
Haemorrhagic cystitis
Treatment for hepatorenal syndrome
Terlipressin
Goblet cells in IBD?
Crohn’s –> increased number
UC –> decreased
Two skin features of IBD
Pyoderma gangrenosum
Erythema nodosum
Antibodies in PBC
Anti-mitochondrial
What biliary disease is ulcerative colitis associated with?
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Which inflammatory bowel disease is more associated with perianal disease?
Crohn’s
complications of coeliac disease
HYPOSPLENISM Anaemia (iron, folate, B12) OP enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma of small intesting Subfertility other malignancies
Coeliac histology
crypt hyperplasia
atrophy of villi/flat mucosa
leucocyte infiltrate
Conditions associated with coeliac
T1DM, dermatitis herpetiformis, IBD, Autoimmune thyroid disease, autoimmune hepatitis
What HLAs assoc with coeliac?
HLA DQ2 (95%)
HLA DQ8 (80%)
Which IBD is associated more with crypt hyperplasia?
UC
What cardiac complication is associated with haemochromatosis?
dilated vcardiomyopathy
What cells secrete CCK?
I cells
First line treatment in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis?
Ursodeoxycholic acid
Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis
Pred
treatment of hepatorenal syndrome
Terlipressin
What is the arrhythmia risk of refeeding syndrome and why?
Torsades de poitnes
(As hypokalaemia + hypomagnasaemia both prolong QTc(
What is the best imaging modality for assessing this type of tumour depth / mural invasion in oesophageal/gastric Ca?
Endoscopic US
Most common organism SBP
E coli
What valvular disease is associated with angiodysplasia?
Aortic stenosis
What is angiodysplasia + what does it predispose to?
Vascular deformity predisposing to iron deficiency anaemia
Life threatening c diff treatment
IV metronidazole + PO vancomycin
EXAM Q: Treatment of campylobacter jejuni?
Macrolides including Azithromycin / erythromycin
Presentation of campylobacter jejuni
diarrhea (often bloody), fever, and stomach cramp
usually 2-5 days after infection
Child Pugh score?
Mortality in cirrhosis patients
A-C
In patients with HCC and Child-Pugh score A or B with evidence of lymphatic or extrahepatic spread, what drug can prolong survival?
Sorafenib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
How to monitor treatment in haemochromatosis?
Ferritin and transferrin saturation
Treatment of acute severe UC if refractory to IV hydrocortisone?
medical: Ciclosporin or infliximab
OR surgery (subtotal colectomy)
Alcoholic liver disease - AST:ALT ratio?
> 2
