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Step 2 > Infectious Diesase > Flashcards

Infectious Diesase Flashcards

1
Q

PCP Prophylaxis

A

Trimethropim-Sulfamethoxazole (Cotrimoxazole) 160-800mg Until CD4 > 200 and Undetectable viral load, maintain for 3 monts

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2
Q

PCP Prophylaxis alternatives

A

Dapsone 100mg daily

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3
Q

Tigecycline

A

Binds 30S, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis.G(+) included MRSA, G(-) but not PSAE

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4
Q

PCP Treatment alternatives

A

Primaquine + ClindamycinPentamidine

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5
Q

Tenia Pedis risk factor

A

barefoot walking in public areas

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6
Q

Tenia pedis features

A

interdigital type: prutirus erythema, erosionsMoccasin type: scales/fissures, extension onto the feetVesiculobullous type: painful bullae, erythema

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7
Q

Tenia pedis diagnosis and treatment

A

Trycophyton Rubrumpotassium hydroxide microscopy of skin scapping, segmented hyphae1 line: Miconazole topical2 line: oral fluconazoleKeep feet dry and dispose old footwear

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8
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

A

Poxvirus

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9
Q

Hydatid Cyst features

A

Echinococcus Granulosus

Eggshell cyst

Tte: abendazole + surgery

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10
Q

Blunt Cardiac Injury features

A

Mechanism: shearing, compression, abrupt pressure change

Arrhythmias, MI, valve damage, cardiac contusion, septum/ventricular wall rupture, tamponade

EKG/TTUS

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11
Q

Months of flu like illness, followed by monoarticular arthritis

A

Most commonly affected joint: Knee

Lyme Arthritis or Late Lyme Disease

Suspect if visiting Maine or the northease area

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12
Q

Salmonella exposure risk

A

Inadequate refrigeration of the implicated food

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13
Q

PPD interpretation

A

> 5mm: HIV, close TB contacts, CXR TB+.

> 10mm: homeless, developing nations, IV drug use, residents of health/correctional institutions, health care workers

> 15mm: everyone else

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14
Q

TB Latent disease

A

+PPD without symptoms

Tte: INH x 9 months, INH x 6 months, rifampin x 4 months

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15
Q

Dark Field Microscopy

A

Treponema pallidum, chancroid, sifilis

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16
Q

HCV tte

A

IFN alpha

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17
Q

Ecthyma Gangrenosum

A

Inmunocompromised patients

Rapidly progressive lesion from a small erythematous macule, to larger nodules with necrosis

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18
Q

Viral Pericarditis

A

Hx of cough and sore throat

19
Q

Herpes simplex virus encephalitis

A

Compromises the frontotemporal lobes
CSF: lumphocytic pleocytosis, elevated proteins, elevated RBC, normal glucose

RBC in the CSF is due to the hemorrhagic destruction of the temporal lobes

20
Q

Shiga Toxins producing E. Coli (STEC)

A

Exposure to uncooked meats
Exposure to farm animals

Watery turns to bloody diarrhea by day 3, no fever

Supportive care, avoid ATB

HUS 1-2 weeks after diarrhea onset

21
Q

Blood in stools (inflammatory diarrhea)

A

Campylobacter
Shigella
Salmonella
Shiga producing E. Coli (STEC)

22
Q

Campylobacter Gasroenteritis

A

Transmitted most commonly via poultry

Fever, abd pain, diarrhea (mucos +/- blood)

pseudoappendicits (RLQ pain)

ATB: more than 7 days, high fever, pregnant

23
Q

Salmonella

A

Incubation 8 - 72 hrs

Duration 2 - 7 days

24
Q

Disseminated gonococcal infection

A

Migratory arthritis

Dermatitis

Tenosynovitis

25
Q

Peds: Severe accute otitis media

A

Significant ear pain
Pain of more than 2 days
Fever over 39 degrees

26
Q

Peds: OAM when to treat

A

Severe symptoms

Infants under 6 m/o

Bilateral OAM under 2 y/o

Amoxicilin: 90 mg/kg/day BID

27
Q

Peds: OAM treatment

A

Amoxi/Clavunate

Recurrent AOM (< 30 days)

Otitis-Conjunctivitis syndrome (H. Flu)

If failed: 3rd gen cephalosporin

28
Q

Centor Criteria (Adult Pharyingitis)

A

Fever
Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
Tonsilar exudates
No cough

29
Q

Peds: Neonate Bacterias Meningitis

A

Onset: Early < 3 days, late > 6 days

Birth canal MO

GBS 50%

E. Coli 20-30%

30
Q

Peds: N. Meningitidis complications

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Adrenal Hemorrhage

Shock

31
Q

Peds: Most common agent of acute gastroenteritis

A

Norovirus among most patients

Rotovaris common un unvaccinated < 2 y/o

32
Q

Peds: Congenital Toxoplasmosis

A

Hydrocephalus

Diffuse intracranial calcifications

Chorioretinits

33
Q

Congenital Rubella

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Sensorineural hearing loss

Cataracts

34
Q

Peds: VZV ages

A

1 and 4 y/o

35
Q

Peds: fever, headache and early morning vomiting

A

Brain Abscess

Order CT scan

36
Q

Peds: Enterobius Vermicularis (Oxyuriasis) tte

A

Pyrantel Pamoate

37
Q

CF and PAE epidemiologu

A

After 10 y/o

before that, staph

38
Q

Congenital HBV

A

90% transmission without prophylaxis

Give vaccine and IVIG to the newborn

39
Q

congenital CMV

A

MOST COMMON CONGENITAL INFECTION
transmited via bodily fluids

PERIVENTRICULAR calcifications
Growth restriction
Microcephaly
Hepatosplenomegaly
Thrombocytopenia
40
Q

Congenital Rubella

A

Maternal exposure

Congenital sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts, patent ductus arteriosus (machine like murmur)

Growth restriction

41
Q

Most common risk factor for pediatric acute bacterial rhinosinutisis

A

Viral URI

42
Q

N. Meningitidis prophylaxis

A

Transmission can occur 7 days before the symptoms begin

Give to close contacts regardless of immunization status

43
Q

Pertussis Prophylaxis

A

Give macrolides for all household contacts regardless of vaccination status

44
Q

Peds: Pedyculosis treatment

A

Permethrine

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