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Step 2 > Hematology and Oncology > Flashcards

Hematology and Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Anaphylactic Transfusion Reaction

A

IgA Deficiency patients, reaction of anti-IgA antibodies with transfused blood.

HIVES, Wheeziness, Stridor, Angioedema, Rash
Respiratory distress
Hypotention

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2
Q

Pharmacological causes of megaloblastic anemia

A

Methotrecate
Trimethoprim
Prymethamine

Due to folate disruptions

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3
Q

Causes of Aplastic Anemia

A

Autoinmmune
Infections: Parvovirus B12, EBV
Drugs: carbamazepine, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides
Radiation or toxins

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4
Q

Aplastic Anemia

A

Bone marrow failure due to hematopoietic stem cell deficiency (CD 34+)

Anemia, fatigue, weakness, pallor
Thrombocytopenia: mucosal bleeding, petechiae
Leukopenia: recurrent infections

Biopsy: Hypocellularity with fat and stromal cells

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5
Q

Fanconi Anemia

A

Presents 4 - 12 years

Pancytopenia
Abnormal skin pigmentation, short stature, upper limb anormalities

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6
Q

Chronic Leukemia Manifestation

A

Asymptomatic with a HIGH WBC > 60.000

PMN = CML
Lymph = CLL
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7
Q

CML treatment

A

IMATINIB

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

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8
Q

CLL treatment young

A

with donor = stem cell transplant

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9
Q

CLL treatment old

A

Symptomatic = Chemo

Asymptomatic = nothing and wait

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10
Q

Acute Leukemia manifestation

A

Infections :: loss of WBC
Anemia :: loss of RBC
Bleeding :: loss of platelets
Bone pain

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11
Q

Acute Leukemia diagnostic

A

At least 20% blasts in bone marrow or peripheral blood

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12
Q

AML markers

A

Myeloperixod

Auer Rods

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13
Q

CML

A

Philadelphia chromosome
t9:22
BCR:ABL

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14
Q

CML complication

A

Blast crisis = AML

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15
Q

ALL markers

A

cALLc

TdT

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16
Q

4 y/o with bone pain, pallor, petechiae, palpable spleen

A

ALL, pediatric leukemia

17
Q

Polycythemia Vera signature symptom

A

Aquagenic Pruritus

18
Q

Polycythemia Vera manifestation

A 
High viscosity: hypertension, erythromelalgia, transient visual disturbance
Gouty arthritis due to high RBC turnover
Aquagenic pruritus
Bleeding
Headache, dizziness
Facial plethora (Ruddy Cyanosis)
Splenomegaly
19
Q

Polycythemia Vera physiopathology

A

JAK2 activation mutation. Leads to RBC proliferation w/o the need of prior EPO activation of JAK2.

LOW EPO.

20
Q

ABO incompatibility

A

A/B father with O mother.

Only mild symptoms

21
Q

HIGH alpha-FP and beta-HCG

A

Mixed germ cell tumors

Mediastinum mass

22
Q

Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia

A

Platelet factor IV

Risk of arterial thrombosis

23
Q

Sickle Cell Acute Anemia

A

Aplastic Crisis, secondary to parvovirus B19

24
Q

Anemia in chronic alcoholics

A

B9

5 to 10 weeks

25
Q

NHL risk factors

A

SLE, Sjogren

Due to persistent B cell stimulation

26
Q

PTT features

A 
Thrombocytopenia
MAHA
Fever
Kindey failure
Neurologic changes
27
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis diagnosis

A

Abnormal Eosin-5-malemide binging test

28
Q

Maternal anti-D IG (rhogam) dates

A

28 weeks pregnant

72 hours post delivery

29
Q

Kleihauer-Betle Test

A

Used to determine the needed rhogam dose to prevent alloimmunization

30
Q

Brain Metastases

A

Lung
Breast
Melanoma
Renal

31
Q

Rapid progressing gynecomastia + high bhCG levels

A

bhCG secreting germ cell tumor

Order testicular US

32
Q

Splenomegaly, anemia, jaundice

Following URI

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis

High reticulocites
Negative coombs
Hich MCHC

33
Q

Blood transfusion with anaphylactis reaction

A

IgA Deficiency

34
Q

Sickle Cell Disease patients prevention for capsulated infections

A

St. Pneumo vaccine

(they become functional asplenic :: splenic autoinfarction)

Algo give twice monthly penicillin prophylaxis until age 5

35
Q

Beta Thalassemia Major treatment

A

Frequent transfusions

Chelation therapy :: iron overload :: transfusions

36
Q

Serum Sickness Like Reaction

A

Fever
Arthralgias
Urticarial Rash
Diffuse Lymphadenopathy

After exposure to beta lactams

37
Q

Stroke treatment in SCD

A

Exchange transfusion

Step 2 (18 decks)

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