Hematology and Oncology Flashcards
Anaphylactic Transfusion Reaction
IgA Deficiency patients, reaction of anti-IgA antibodies with transfused blood.
HIVES, Wheeziness, Stridor, Angioedema, Rash
Respiratory distress
Hypotention
Pharmacological causes of megaloblastic anemia
Methotrecate
Trimethoprim
Prymethamine
Due to folate disruptions
Causes of Aplastic Anemia
Autoinmmune
Infections: Parvovirus B12, EBV
Drugs: carbamazepine, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides
Radiation or toxins
Aplastic Anemia
Bone marrow failure due to hematopoietic stem cell deficiency (CD 34+)
Anemia, fatigue, weakness, pallor
Thrombocytopenia: mucosal bleeding, petechiae
Leukopenia: recurrent infections
Biopsy: Hypocellularity with fat and stromal cells
Fanconi Anemia
Presents 4 - 12 years
Pancytopenia
Abnormal skin pigmentation, short stature, upper limb anormalities
Chronic Leukemia Manifestation
Asymptomatic with a HIGH WBC > 60.000
PMN = CML Lymph = CLL
CML treatment
IMATINIB
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor
CLL treatment young
with donor = stem cell transplant
CLL treatment old
Symptomatic = Chemo
Asymptomatic = nothing and wait
Acute Leukemia manifestation
Infections :: loss of WBC
Anemia :: loss of RBC
Bleeding :: loss of platelets
Bone pain
Acute Leukemia diagnostic
At least 20% blasts in bone marrow or peripheral blood
AML markers
Myeloperixod
Auer Rods
CML
Philadelphia chromosome
t9:22
BCR:ABL
CML complication
Blast crisis = AML
ALL markers
cALLc
TdT
4 y/o with bone pain, pallor, petechiae, palpable spleen
ALL, pediatric leukemia
Polycythemia Vera signature symptom
Aquagenic Pruritus
Polycythemia Vera manifestation
High viscosity: hypertension, erythromelalgia, transient visual disturbance Gouty arthritis due to high RBC turnover Aquagenic pruritus Bleeding Headache, dizziness
Facial plethora (Ruddy Cyanosis) Splenomegaly
Polycythemia Vera physiopathology
JAK2 activation mutation. Leads to RBC proliferation w/o the need of prior EPO activation of JAK2.
LOW EPO.
ABO incompatibility
A/B father with O mother.
Only mild symptoms
HIGH alpha-FP and beta-HCG
Mixed germ cell tumors
Mediastinum mass
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia
Platelet factor IV
Risk of arterial thrombosis
Sickle Cell Acute Anemia
Aplastic Crisis, secondary to parvovirus B19
Anemia in chronic alcoholics
B9
5 to 10 weeks
NHL risk factors
SLE, Sjogren
Due to persistent B cell stimulation
PTT features
Thrombocytopenia MAHA Fever Kindey failure Neurologic changes
Hereditary Spherocytosis diagnosis
Abnormal Eosin-5-malemide binging test
Maternal anti-D IG (rhogam) dates
28 weeks pregnant
72 hours post delivery
Kleihauer-Betle Test
Used to determine the needed rhogam dose to prevent alloimmunization
Brain Metastases
Lung
Breast
Melanoma
Renal
Rapid progressing gynecomastia + high bhCG levels
bhCG secreting germ cell tumor
Order testicular US
Splenomegaly, anemia, jaundice
Following URI
Hereditary Spherocytosis
High reticulocites
Negative coombs
Hich MCHC
Blood transfusion with anaphylactis reaction
IgA Deficiency
Sickle Cell Disease patients prevention for capsulated infections
St. Pneumo vaccine
(they become functional asplenic :: splenic autoinfarction)
Algo give twice monthly penicillin prophylaxis until age 5
Beta Thalassemia Major treatment
Frequent transfusions
Chelation therapy :: iron overload :: transfusions
Serum Sickness Like Reaction
Fever
Arthralgias
Urticarial Rash
Diffuse Lymphadenopathy
After exposure to beta lactams
Stroke treatment in SCD
Exchange transfusion
