Endocrine, Diabetes and Metabolism Flashcards
Vitamin A deficiency
Reduced cell proliferation
Vision disturbances
Vitamin B6 Deficiency
Neurologic impairment and skin/mucous breakdown
Vitamin E deficiency
Hemolytic anemia and ataxia
Vitamin K deficiency
Coagulopathy
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Macrocytic anemia and hypersegmented neutrophils
Combined degeneration of dorsal columns
B3 (niacin) deficiency
Causes: alcoholism, anorexia, malabsorption
Diarrhea
Demencia
Dermatitis
Death
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome features
Genotypically male: 46XY Phenotypically female w/ breast development No axillary/pubic heair No internal genitalia Female external genitalia Cryptorchid testes
A cause of primary amenorrhea
1 Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia
Hypophosphatemia, hypercalciuria
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison)
Mineralocorticoid deficiency: salt wasting, hypotension, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, salt craving
Glucocorticoid: psychiatric symptoms: depressed mood, irritability
Adrogen insuficiency: reduced libido, reduced hair
Hypercortisolism
Purlpe Striae Central Obesity Easy bruising Proximal muscle weakness Fatigue Hyperglycemia Hypokalemia Hypertension
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
Causes: bilateral adrenal hyperplasia 60%, unilateral adrenal adenoma
S&S: HTN, hypokalemic alkalosis (muscle weakness and paresthesias)
Dx: elevated serum aldosterone, low plasma renin activity
Aldosterone remains elevated following oral saline load
Leg cramps and hypertension
Hyperaldosteronism
Cramps are :: potassium waste
Congenital Hypothyroidism: Clinical features
Rare at birth, usually after matenal thyroxine wanes
Delayed pass of meconium longer 48 hours
Lethargy, poor feeding Enlarged fontanelle Dry skin Constipation Prolonged Jaundice Puffy face, umbilical herniae, protruding tongue
Phenylketonuria PKU
Phenylalanine cannot be converted to tyrosine
Fair skin, eczema, musty odor, mental retardation
TTE: reduce phenylalanine, increase tyrosine
