Cardiovascular Flashcards
Amiodarone, side effects
Cardiac: sinus bradycardia, heart block, QT prolongation/TdP
Pulmonary: Chronic Inflammatory Pneumonitis
Neurological: peripheral neuropathy
Dermatological: blue-grey skin syndrome
Ophthalmological: Opctic neuropathy, corneal microdeposits
Endocrinological: hypo/hyperthyroidism
Gastro: liver enzyme increase, hepatitis
Amiodarone, mechanism of action
Class III Antiarrhythmic (but functionally all classes)
VT in CAD/Ischemic cardiomyopathy
Tetralogy of Fallot
Overriding Aorta
VSD
RVH
Pulmonary Stenosis
Large VSD features
Child’s disease
Growth failure
Easy fatigability
Heart Failure
Holosystolic murmur on the lower left sternal border and apical diastolic rumble
Aortic Dissection, risk factors
HTN ***
Marfan
Cocaine use
Aortic Dissection, complications
Stroke: carotid Aortic insufficiency: root valve Horner syndrome: carotid sympathetic plexus MI: coronary artery ostia Tamponade: peridarcium Hemothorax: pleural cavity Renal injury: renal artery Abdominal pain: mesenteric artery Lower extremity paraplegia: spinal arteries
Cyanide Toxicity features
Skin: Flushing > cyanosis
CNS: headache, altered mental status, seizures, coma
CV: Arrhythmias
Resp: tachypnea > resp depression > pulmonary edema
GI: pain, N/V
Renal: metabolic acidosis (from lactic), AKI
Septic Shock features
LOW SVR = decreased afterload, :: peripheral vasodilation
LOW PCVWP = left atrial pressure, :: capillary leakage, reduced preload
HI MvO2 mixed venous O2, :: hyperdynamic circulation
HTN, epistaxis, tremor, tachycardia
Cocaine intoxication
Pulsus paradoxus
Seen in pericardial tamponade
Radial pulse disappears with deep inspiration, this is due to a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure
Manoeuvres that INCREASE LV blood bolumen
Sustained Hand Grip ( > afterload )
Squatting ( > afterload + > preload )
Passive leg raise ( > preload )
… decreases the murmur intensity
Manoeuvres that DECREASE the LV blood volumen
Rapid standing
Valsalva
Nitroglicerin
… increases the murmur intensity
