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Medical Terminology 1121 > Infections > Flashcards

Infections Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

severe infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which results in a gradual destruction the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight infection

A

AIDS

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2
Q

treatment for AIDS

A

antiretrovirals

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3
Q

AIDS infection type

A

viral

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4
Q

AIDS organism

A

human immunodeficiency virus

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5
Q

infection caused by a spore-forming bacteria and mainly affects livestock; humans can contract infection by direct or indirect contact with sickened animals who carry the spores; inhaled anthrax spores are most serious to humans

A

anthrax

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6
Q

treatment for anthrax

A

antibiotics

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7
Q

anthrax infection type

A

bacterial

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8
Q

anthrax organism

A

Bacillus anthracis

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9
Q

anthrax body system

A

blood/lymph

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10
Q

AIDS body system

A

blood/lymph and STD

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11
Q

presence of bacteria in the blood as the result of infection; often causes no symptoms

A

bacteremia

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12
Q

bacteremia body system

A

blood/lymph

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13
Q

bacteremia infection type

A

bacterial

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14
Q

bacteremia organism

A

staphylococci/streptococci

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15
Q

bacteremia treatment

A

antibiotics

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16
Q

presence of bacteria in the urine caused by infection; often without any symptoms of a urinary tract infection; body system: urinary; infection type: bacterial; organism: Escherichia coli (E-coli); tx: antibiotics

A

bacteriuria

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17
Q

type of poisoning produced by an infection of Clostridium botulinum that releases deadly toxins; often caused by ingestion of contaminated food; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: bacterial; organism: Clostridium botulinum; tx: antitoxins

A

botulism

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18
Q

bacterial skin infection formed as a collection of boils that connect beneath the skin; body system: skin; infection type: bacterial; organism: staphylococcus; tx: antibiotics

A

carbuncle

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19
Q

spreading bacterial infection of the skin and the connective tissue just beneath the skin; body system: skin; infection type: bacterial; organism: staphylococcus/streptococcus; tx: antibiotics

A

cellulitis

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20
Q

small infected ulcers on the skin; symptom of syphilis; body system: STD; infection type: bacterial; organism: Treponema pallidum; tx: antibiotics

A

chancres

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21
Q

viral infection that produces an itchy red rash that progresses into fluid filled blisters; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: viral; organism: varicella zoster virus;

A

chicken pox

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22
Q

acute bacterial infection most commonly spread through contaminated water; severe diarrhea and dehydration can quickly become fatal if not treated; body system: digestive; infection type: bacterial; organism: Vibrio Cholerae; tx: rehydration/antibiotics

A

cholera

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23
Q

bacterial infection causing diarrhea and serious colon inflammation; common after antibiotic use; body system: digestive; infection type: bacterial; organism: Clostridium difficile; tx: antibiotic (change from the first)

A

clostridium difficile

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24
Q

upper respiratory tract infection caused by the inhalation of fungal spores; may spread to other organs; valley fever; body system: respiratory; infection type: fungal; organism: Coccidioides immitis / Coccidioides posadasii; tx: antifungals

A

coccidioidomycosis

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25
Q

infection causing inflammation of the conjunctiva; pinkeye; body system: eye; infection type: bacterial/viral; organism: staphylococci/streptococci; tx: antibiotics

A

conjunctivitis

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26
Q

inflammation of mucous membrane inside the nose caused by a viral infection; common head cold; body system: respiratory; infection type: viral; organism: rhinovirus;

A

coryza

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27
Q

inflammation of the respiratory tract caused by a viral infection; characterized by a barking cough due to swelling of the larynx; body system: respiratory; infection type: viral; organism: parainfluenza virus; tx: corticosteroids

A

croup

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28
Q

bacterial infection that releases toxins which affect the mucous membranes of the throat and nose; characterized by thick secretion that covers the back of the throat and may block the airway; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: bacterial; organism: Corynebacterium diphtheriae; tx: antitoxins/antibiotics

A

diphtheria

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29
Q

infection that causes inflammation of the intestines and produces bloody diarrhea; body system: digestive; infection type: bacterial/parasitic; organism: shigella bacteria / Entamoeba histolytica (protozoa); tx: rehydration

A

dysentery

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30
Q

viral infection characterized by hemorrhagic fever (condition with severe bleeding, organ failure, and often death); initially spread by contact with contaminated animal feces or body fluids; once contracted, may be spread person to person via contact with body fluids; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: viral; organism: Ebola virus;

A

ebola

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31
Q

inflammation of the brain, resulting from a wide variety of infections; body system: neurology; infection type: bacterial/viral/fungal/parasitic; tx: antibiotics/antivirals

A

encephalitis

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32
Q

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart; usually brought on by a bacterial infection; body system: cardiovascular; infection type: bacterial; organism: Staphylococcus aureus; tx: antibiotics

A

endocarditis

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33
Q

fungal infection in the bloodstream; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: fungal; organism: Candida; tx: antifungals

A

fungemia

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34
Q

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine caused by a bacterial or viral infection;; body system: digestive; infection type: viral/bacterial/parasital; organism: Rotavirus / Norovirus / Salmonella/Escherichia coli (E-coli)/Clostridium difficile / Giardia/Cryptosporidium; tx: rehydration

A

gastroenteritis

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35
Q

common sexually transmitted infection that produces lesions in the genital area; body system: STD; infection type: viral; tx: antivirals

A

genital herpes (herpes simplex virus - type 2)

36
Q

infection within the intestines caused by a protozoa usually found in contaminated water;; body system: digestive; infection type: parasitic; organism: giardia intestinalis or giardia lamblia; tx: rehydration; antibiotics

A

giardiasis

37
Q

inflammation of glomeruli within a kidney often caused by a viral or bacterial infection elsewhere in the body; body system: urinary; infection type: bacterial/viral; organism: Staphylococci; tx: varies depending on underlying condition

A

glomerulonephritis

38
Q

bacterial infection that is characterized by ulcer-like lesions in the genital area and painful discharge; body system: STD; infection type: bacterial; organism: Neisseria ______; tx: antibiotics

A

gonorrhea

39
Q

viral infection which causes inflammation of the liver; spread by contact with body fluids; may pass from mother to baby during delivery; body system: STD; infection type: viral; organism: _______; tx: antivirals

A

hepatitis B

40
Q

main cause of herpes infections on the mouth and lips; cold sores and fever blisters; body system: skin; infection type: viral; organism: ______; tx: antivirals

A

herpes simplex virus - type 1

41
Q

painful, blistering skin rash resulting from a viral infection of the peripheral nerves; often appears as a line of blisters on the torso; same virus that causes chickenpox in childhood; body system: skin; infection type: viral; organism: varicella-zoster virus; tx: antivirals

A

herpes zoster (shingles)

42
Q

sexualy transmitted viral infection characterized by genital warts (papillomas); some types of genital HPV can cause cancer of the cervix ; body system: STD; infection type: viral; organism: ________; tx: medical removal if necessary

A

human papilloma virus

43
Q

means by which one becomes protected from a disease; vaccines cause immunization; body system: general term;

A

immunization

44
Q

highly contagious skin infection characterized by red sores that eventually erupt and develop a honey-yellow crust; body system: skin; infection type: bacterial; organism: Staphylococcus aureus or Group A Streptococcus; tx: antibiotics

A

impetigo

45
Q

highly contagious viral infection that affects the respiratory system by causing infalmmation of the mucous membranes; flu viruses are ever-changing with regular occurrences of new strains; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: viral; organism: ____ types A and B; tx: antivirals

A

influenza

46
Q

severe form of pneumonia caused by legionella bacteria; commonly spread by inhaling water droplets that contain the bacteria; body system: respiratory; infection type: bacterial; organism: Legionella pneumophila; tx: antibiotics

A

legionellosis

47
Q

bacterial infection transmitted by the bite of infected ticks; characterized by fever, headache, and fatigue; if left untreated, may progress to more serious symptoms involving the heart, joints, or central nervous system; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: bacterial; organism: Borrelia burgdorferi (carried by ticks); tx: antibiotics

A

Lyme disease

48
Q

parasitic infection spread by infected mosquitoes; characterized by fever, fatigue, and shaking chills; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: parasitic; organism: Plasmodium parasite, carried by mosquitoes; tx: antimalarials

A

malaria

49
Q

inflammation of the meninges (brain’s covering) resulting from a wide variety of infections; body system: neurology; infection type: bacterial/viral/fungal/parasitic; tx: antibiotics/antivirals

A

meningitis

50
Q

a unique strain of the staphylococcus bacteria that has developed a resistance to certain forms of penicillin; body system: skin; infection type: bacterial; organism: Staphylococcus aureus; tx: antibiotics

A

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

51
Q

viral infection characterized by fatigue, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and enlarged spleen; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: viral; organism: Epstein Barr virus;

A

mononucleosis

52
Q

inflammation of the parotid (largest salivary) glands due to infection from the mumps virus; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: viral; organism: paramyxoviruses;

A

mumps

53
Q

infection that is acquired by a patient while receiving care in a hospital; body system: general term;

A

nosocomial infection

54
Q

fungal infection of the eye; body system: eye; infection type: fungal; organism: Aspergillus/Candida; tx: antifungals

A

oculomycosis

55
Q

fungal infection of the fingernails or toenails; body system: nail; infection type: fungal; organism: T rubrum/ T. interdigitale; tx: antifungals

A

onychomycosis

56
Q

a normally mild infection when present in a healthy individual but becomes pathogenic within the system of a person who has a compromised immune system; often seen in AIDS patients; body system: general term;

A

opportunistic infection

57
Q

chronic condition brought on by a viral infection of bone which results in misshapen bones and acclerated bone loss; body system: Musculoskeletal; infection type: viral; organism: paramyxoviruses; tx: bone reabsorption inhibitors

A

osteitis deformans (Pagets disease)

58
Q

bacterial bone infection characterized by inflammed red bone marrow; body system: Musculoskeletal; infection type: bacterial; organism: staphylococcus aureus; tx: antibiotics

A

osteomyelitis

59
Q

inflammation of the middle ear caused by a bacterial infection; ear infection; body system: ear; infection type: bacterial/viral; organism: Streptococcus pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus/rhinovirus; tx: antibiotics

A

otitis media (acute)

60
Q

highly contagious infection casued by lice infestation of the skin and hair; body system: skin; infection type: parasitic; organism: Phthiraptera; tx: antiparasitics

A

pediculosis

61
Q

acute bacterial infection of the respiratory tract that is highly contagious; characterized by spasmodic, hacking cough followed by whooping noise upon breath intake; body system: respiratory; infection type: bacterial; organism: Bordetella pertussis; tx: antibiotics

A

pertussis (whooping cough)

62
Q

term for any widespread and usually highly contagious disease with a high fatality rate; body system: general term;

A

plague

63
Q

acute bacterial pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae; body system: respiratory; infection type: bacterial; organism: Streptococcus pneumoniae; tx: antibiotics

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

64
Q

form of fungal pneumonia; often considered an oppotunistic infection as it may cause severe infections in patients with compromisedimmune systems; common in AIDS or chemotherapy patients; body system: respiratory; infection type: fungal; organism: P carinii; tx: antibiotics/corticosteroids

A

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

65
Q

actue inflammation of the lungs due to infection; often accompanied by a build up of fluid or pus in the avleoli causing breathing difficulties; body system: respiratory; infection type: bacterial/virual/fungal/noninfectious causes; tx: depends on causative organism

A

pneumonia

66
Q

viral infection resulting in inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord; leads to muscle weakness and paralysis; body system: neurology; infection type: viral

A

poliomyelitis (polio)

67
Q

accumulation of pus within a fallopian tube; often the product of a bacterial infection; body system: female; infection type: bacterial; organism: Neisseria gonorrhea, Staphylococci/Streptococci; tx: antibiotics

A

pyosalpinx

68
Q

deadly viral infection spread from the saliva of infected animals often by way of a bite; affects the central nervous system; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: viral; organism: ____ virus; tx: _____ immune globulin

A

rabies

69
Q

fungal infection of the mucous membrane of the nose; body system: respiratory; infection type: fungal; organism: Aspergillus; tx: antifungals

A

rhinomycosis

70
Q

viral infection characterized by a distinctive red rash; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: viral; organism: Rubivirus;

A

rubella (German measles)

71
Q

common bacterial infection that affects the intestinal tract; type of food poisoning spread through contaminated food or water; body system: digestive; infection type: bacterial; organism: Salmonella; tx: anti-diarrheals/ antibiotics

A

salmonellosis

72
Q

skin infection caused by itch mite infestation; body system: skin; infection type: parasitic; organism: Sarcoptes scabiei; tx: antiparasitics

A

scabies

73
Q

infection caused by the presence of bacteria and their toxins in the bloodstream; systemic condition that usually originates from a bacterial infection in another part of the body; blood poisoning; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: bacterial; organism: Staphylococcus aureus; tx: antibiotics

A

septicemia

74
Q

contagious and sometimes fatal respiratory infection spread by airborne droplets; characterized by lung inflammation and damage; antiviral drugs have not proven to be beneficial treatment; body system: respiratory; infection type: viral; organism: coronavirus;

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

75
Q

presence of Staphylococci bacteria circulating in the blood; severity of symptoms vary depending on the location within the body; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: bacterial; organism: staphylococci; tx: antibiotics

A

staphylococcemia

76
Q

bacterial STD spread by direct sexual contact; characterized by; body system: STD; infection type: bacterial; organism: Treponema pallidum; tx: antibiotics

A

syphilis

77
Q

serious bacterial disease caused by the toxins of Clostridium tetani; affects nervous system and is characterized by painful muscle contractions, especially in the jaw and neck; lockjaw; body system: blood/lymph; infection type: bacterial; organism: clostridium tetani; tx: antitoxins

A

tetanus

78
Q

fungal infection of the skin; ringworm; body system: skin; infection type: fungal; organism: _____; tx: antifungals

A

tinea

79
Q

sudden, potentially fatal condition characterized by high fever, skin rash, diarrhea, vomiting, and a severe drop in blood pressure; brought on by an overgrowth of bacteria; history of link to noncotton tampon use; body system: female; infection type: bacterial; organism: Staphylococcus aureus; tx: antibiotics

A

toxic shock syndrome

80
Q

parasitic infection of the urethra and prostate gland in men often showing no symptoms; in women, it is characterized by vaginal discharge, genital itching, and painful urination; body system: STD; infection type: parasitic; organism: Trichomonas; tx: antibiotics

A

trichomoniasis

81
Q

lung infection characterized by the formation of tubercles (soft nodules that break down respiratory tissues) ATB: active _____; bacteria are active and spreading in the body LTB: latent _____; bacteria are present but dormant (not causing symptoms); body system: respiratory; infection type: bacterial; organism: Mycobacterium _______; tx: antibiotics

A

tuberculosis

82
Q

viral infection of the nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea; body system: respiratory; infection type: viral; organism: rhinovirus;

A

upper respiratory infection

83
Q

infection that can happen anywhere along the urinary tract; body system: urinary; infection type: bacterial; organism: Escherichia coli (E-coli);

A

urinary tract infection

84
Q

product that creates immunity from a disease; usually contains dead or weakened germs to help the body develop antibodies; body system: general term;

A

vaccine

85
Q

rough, elevated skin lesion caused by an infection from the Human Papilloma Virus; wart; body system: skin; infection type: viral; organism: human papillomavirus; tx: medical removal

A

verruca (warts)

86
Q

pneumonia caused by a virus; body system: respiratory; infection type: viral; organism: Influenza A and B, Respiratory syncytial virus; tx: antivirals

A

viral pneumonia

Medical Terminology 1121 (51 decks)

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